Journal of Neuroendocrinology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
33(4)
Опубликована: Март 3, 2021
Food
intake
and
energy
expenditure
are
regulated
by
peripheral
signals
providing
feedback
on
nutrient
status
adiposity
to
the
central
nervous
system.
One
of
these
is
pancreatic
hormone,
insulin.
Unlike
administration
insulin,
which
often
causes
weight
gain,
insulin
leads
a
reduction
in
food
body
when
administered
long-term.
This
result
processes
regions
brain
that
regulate
intake.
Within
hypothalamus,
arcuate
nucleus
(ARC)
contains
subpopulations
neurones
produce
orexinergic
neuropeptides
agouti-related
peptide
(AgRP)/neuropeptide
Y
(NPY)
anorexigenic
neuropeptides,
pro-opiomelanocortin
(POMC)/cocaine-
amphetamine-regulated
transcript
(CART).
Intracerebroventricular
infusion
down-regulates
expression
AgRP/NPY
at
same
time
as
up-regulating
POMC/CART.
Recent
evidence
suggests
activity
within
amygdala
may
play
an
important
role
regulating
balance.
Insulin
into
(CeA)
can
decrease
intake,
possibly
modulating
NPY
other
neurone
subpopulations.
signalling
CeA
also
influence
stress-induced
obesity.
Overall,
it
evident
critical
target
for
regulation
Journal of Neuroendocrinology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
34(6)
Опубликована: Март 29, 2022
The
body
and
brain
are
in
constant
two-way
communication.
Driving
this
communication
is
a
region
the
lower
brainstem:
dorsal
vagal
complex.
Within
complex,
caudal
nucleus
of
solitary
tract
(cNTS)
major
first
stop
for
incoming
information
from
to
carried
by
vagus
nerve.
anatomy
makes
it
ideally
positioned
respond
signals
change
both
emotional
bodily
states.
In
turn,
cNTS
controls
activity
regions
throughout
that
involved
control
behaviour
physiology.
This
review
intended
help
anyone
with
an
interest
cNTS.
First,
I
provide
overview
architecture
outline
wide
range
neurotransmitters
expressed
subsets
neurons
Next,
detail,
discuss
known
inputs
outputs
briefly
highlight
what
regarding
neurochemical
makeup
function
those
connections.
Then,
one
group
neurons:
glucagon-like
peptide-1
(GLP-1)-expressing
neurons.
GLP-1
serve
as
good
example
neurons,
which
receive
input
varied
sources
have
ability
modulate
Finally,
consider
we
might
learn
about
other
our
study
why
important
remember
manipulation
molecularly
defined
likely
affect
physiology
behaviours
beyond
monitored
individual
experiments.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
33(6), С. 108362 - 108362
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2020
Motivational
states
consist
of
cognitive,
emotional,
and
physiological
components
controlled
by
multiple
brain
regions.
An
integral
component
this
neural
circuitry
is
the
bed
nucleus
stria
terminalis
(BNST).
Here,
we
identify
that
neurons
within
BNST
express
gene
prepronociceptin
(PnocBNST)
modulate
rapid
changes
in
arousal
occur
upon
exposure
to
motivationally
salient
stimuli.
Using
vivo
two-photon
calcium
imaging,
find
PnocBNST
neuronal
responses
directly
correspond
with
increases
pupillary
size
when
mice
are
exposed
aversive
rewarding
odors.
Furthermore,
optogenetic
activation
these
anxiety-like
behaviors
but
does
not
induce
approach,
avoidance,
or
locomotion.
These
findings
suggest
excitatory
encode
anxiety
states.
Further
histological,
electrophysiological,
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
data
reveal
composed
genetically
anatomically
identifiable
subpopulations
may
differentially
tune
motivational
Annual Review of Nutrition,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
41(1), С. 223 - 252
Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2021
Considerable
recent
advancements
in
elucidating
the
genetic
architecture
of
sleep
traits
and
disorders
may
provide
insight
into
relationship
between
obesity.
Despite
involvement
circadian
clock
metabolism,
few
shared
genes,
including
FTO,
were
implicated
genome-wide
association
studies
(GWASs)
Polygenic
scores
composed
signals
from
GWASs
show
largely
null
associations
with
obesity,
suggesting
lead
variants
are
unique
to
sleep.
Modest
correlations
observed
many
obesity
largest
for
snoring.
Notably,
U-shaped
positive
body
mass
index
(BMI)
exist
both
short
long
durations.
Findings
Mendelian
randomization
suggest
robust
causal
effects
insomnia
on
higher
BMI
and,
conversely,
snoring
daytime
sleepiness.
In
addition,
bidirectional
duration
napping
also
exist.
Limited
gene-sleep
interaction
that
achieving
favorable
sleep,
as
part
a
healthy
lifestyle,
attenuate
predisposition
obesity,but
whether
these
improvements
produce
clinically
meaningful
reductions
risk
remains
unclear.
Investigations
link
other
than
populations
non-European
ancestry
currently
limited.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
27(6), С. 2901 - 2913
Опубликована: Март 22, 2022
Abstract
The
central
nervous
system
has
evolved
to
coordinate
the
regulation
of
both
behavior
response
external
environment
and
homeostasis
energy
expenditure.
Recent
studies
have
indicated
dorsomedial
ventromedial
hypothalamus
(dmVMH)
as
an
important
hub
that
regulates
innate
for
coping
stress.
However,
how
dmVMH
neurons
control
neuronal
firing
pattern
regulate
chronic
stress-induced
anxiety
expenditure
remains
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
found
enhanced
activity
in
VMH
after
stress,
which
is
mainly
induced
by
increased
proportion
burst
neurons.
This
enhancement
predominantly
mediated
Cav3.1
expression.
Optogenetically
evoked
anxiety-like
behavior,
shifted
respiratory
exchange
ratio
toward
fat
oxidation,
decreased
food
intake,
while
knockdown
had
opposite
effects,
suggested
Cav
3.1
a
crucial
regulator.
Interestingly,
fluoxetine
(anxiolytics)
could
block
increase
expression
inhibit
firing,
then
rescued
behaviors
changes.
Collectively,
our
study
first
revealed
role
Cav3.1-driven
bursting
expenditure,
provided
potential
therapeutic
targets
treating
emotional
malfunction
metabolism
disorders.
