Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2021
Interferons
(IFNs)
are
cytokines
that
possess
antiviral,
antiproliferative,
and
immunomodulatory
actions.
IFN-α
IFN-β
two
major
family
members
of
type-I
IFNs
used
to
treat
diseases,
including
hepatitis
multiple
sclerosis.
Emerging
evidence
suggests
IFN
receptors
(IFNARs)
also
expressed
by
microglia,
astrocytes,
neurons
in
the
central
peripheral
nervous
systems.
Apart
from
canonical
transcriptional
regulations,
can
rapidly
suppress
neuronal
activity
synaptic
transmission
via
non-genomic
regulation,
leading
potent
analgesia.
IFN-γ
is
only
member
type-II
induces
sensitization
microglia
activation
persistent
pain.
We
discuss
how
regulate
pain
infection
neuro-immune
modulations,
with
special
focus
on
neuroinflammation
neuro-glial
interactions.
highlight
distinct
roles
system.
Insights
into
signaling
nociceptors
their
actions
physiological
vs.
pathological
acute
chronic
conditions
will
improve
our
treatments
after
surgeries,
traumas,
infections.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2021
Abstract
Proprioceptive
neurons
(PNs)
are
essential
for
the
proper
execution
of
all
our
movements
by
providing
muscle
sensory
feedback
to
central
motor
network.
Here,
using
deep
single
cell
RNAseq
adult
PNs
coupled
with
virus
and
genetic
tracings,
we
molecularly
identify
three
main
types
(Ia,
Ib
II)
find
that
they
segregate
into
eight
distinct
subgroups.
Our
data
unveil
a
highly
sophisticated
organization
discrete
input
channels
spatial
distribution,
innervation
patterns
molecular
profiles.
Altogether,
these
features
contribute
finely
regulate
proprioception
during
complex
behavior.
Moreover,
while
Ib-
II-PN
subtypes
specified
around
birth,
Ia-PN
diversify
later
in
life
along
increased
activity.
We
also
show
Ia-PNs
plasticity
following
exercise
training,
suggesting
important
players
adaptive
proprioceptive
function
mice.
PLoS Biology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
20(6), С. e3001677 - e3001677
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2022
The
valence
and
salience
of
individual
odorants
are
modulated
by
an
animal’s
innate
preferences,
learned
associations,
internal
state,
as
well
the
context
odorant
presentation.
mechanisms
underlying
context-dependent
flexibility
in
odor
not
fully
understood.
Here,
we
show
that
behavioral
response
Caenorhabditis
elegans
to
bacterially
produced
medium-chain
alcohols
switches
from
attraction
avoidance
when
presented
background
a
subset
additional
attractive
chemicals.
This
reversal
preference
is
driven
cell-autonomous
inversion
these
single
AWC
olfactory
neuron
pair.
We
find
while
inhibit
neurons
drive
attraction,
instead
activate
promote
second
AWC-sensed
odorant.
opposing
responses
via
engagement
distinct
odorant-directed
signal
transduction
pathways
within
AWC.
Our
results
indicate
recruitment
alternative
intracellular
signaling
sensory
type
conveys
opposite
hedonic
valences,
thereby
providing
robust
mechanism
for
encoding
discrimination
at
periphery.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2021
Proprioceptive
feedback
mainly
derives
from
groups
Ia
and
II
muscle
spindle
(MS)
afferents
group
Ib
Golgi
tendon
organ
(GTO)
afferents,
but
the
molecular
correlates
of
these
three
afferent
subtypes
remain
unknown.
We
performed
single
cell
RNA
sequencing
genetically
identified
adult
proprioceptors
uncovered
five
molecularly
distinct
neuronal
clusters.
Validation
cluster-specific
transcripts
in
dorsal
root
ganglia
skeletal
demonstrates
that
two
clusters
correspond
to
MS
GTO
proprioceptors,
respectively,
suggest
remaining
could
represent
afferents.
Lineage
analysis
between
proprioceptor
transcriptomes
at
different
developmental
stages
provides
evidence
subtype
identities
emerge
late
development.
Together,
our
data
provide
comprehensive
signatures
for
enabling
genetic
interrogation
role
individual
regulating
motor
output.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2021
Interferons
(IFNs)
are
cytokines
that
possess
antiviral,
antiproliferative,
and
immunomodulatory
actions.
IFN-α
IFN-β
two
major
family
members
of
type-I
IFNs
used
to
treat
diseases,
including
hepatitis
multiple
sclerosis.
Emerging
evidence
suggests
IFN
receptors
(IFNARs)
also
expressed
by
microglia,
astrocytes,
neurons
in
the
central
peripheral
nervous
systems.
Apart
from
canonical
transcriptional
regulations,
can
rapidly
suppress
neuronal
activity
synaptic
transmission
via
non-genomic
regulation,
leading
potent
analgesia.
IFN-γ
is
only
member
type-II
induces
sensitization
microglia
activation
persistent
pain.
We
discuss
how
regulate
pain
infection
neuro-immune
modulations,
with
special
focus
on
neuroinflammation
neuro-glial
interactions.
highlight
distinct
roles
system.
Insights
into
signaling
nociceptors
their
actions
physiological
vs.
pathological
acute
chronic
conditions
will
improve
our
treatments
after
surgeries,
traumas,
infections.
