Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
19
Опубликована: Март 14, 2025
Neuronal
excitation-inhibition
(E/I)
balance
is
essential
for
maintaining
neuronal
stability
and
proper
brain
functioning.
Disruptions
in
this
are
implicated
various
neurological
disorders,
including
autism
spectrum
disorder,
schizophrenia
epilepsy.
The
E/I
thought
to
be
primarily
mediated
by
intrinsic
excitability,
governed
an
array
of
voltage-gated
ion
channels,
extrinsic
maintained
through
a
counterbalance
between
excitatory
synaptic
transmission
transmitter
glutamate
acting
on
ion-tropic
receptors
inhibitory
transmissions
chiefly
GABA
or
glycine
their
respective
receptors.
However,
recent
studies
reveal
that
neurotransmitters
can
exhibit
interactions
extend
beyond
traditional
targets,
leading
phenomenon
called
neurotransmitter-receptor
crosstalk.
Examples
such
crosstalks
include
earlier
discovery
functioning
as
co-transmitter
gating
the
NMDA
subtype
receptor,
most
demonstration
shows
binds
GABAA
thereby
allosterically
potentiating
its
function.
These
demonstrate
structurally
physiologically
important
crosstalk
transmission,
blurring
distinction
concepts
classic
transmission.
In
article,
evidence
supporting
forms
will
briefly
summarized
underlying
mechanisms
discussed.
Furthermore,
review
discuss
implications
these
balance,
well
potential
involvement
plasticity
cognition
context
social
conditions.
Understanding
the
variability
of
environment
is
essential
to
function
in
everyday
life.
The
brain
must
hence
take
uncertainty
into
account
when
updating
its
internal
model
world.
basis
for
are
prediction
errors
that
arise
from
a
difference
between
current
and
new
sensory
experiences.
Although
error
neurons
have
been
identified
layer
2/3
diverse
areas,
how
modulates
these
learning
is,
however,
unclear.
Here,
we
use
normative
approach
derive
should
modulate
postulate
represent
uncertainty-modulated
(UPE).
We
further
hypothesise
circuit
calculates
UPE
through
subtractive
divisive
inhibition
by
different
inhibitory
cell
types.
By
implementing
calculation
UPEs
microcircuit
model,
show
types
can
compute
means
variances
stimulus
distribution.
With
local
activity-dependent
plasticity
rules,
computations
be
learned
context-dependently,
allow
upcoming
stimuli
their
Finally,
mechanism
enables
an
organism
optimise
strategy
via
adaptive
rates.
Pharmacological Reports,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
73(6), С. 1595 - 1625
Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2021
Abstract
Accumulating
evidence
highlights
chemokines
as
key
mediators
of
the
bidirectional
crosstalk
between
neurons
and
glial
cells
aimed
at
preserving
brain
functioning.
The
multifaceted
role
these
immune
proteins
in
CNS
is
mirrored
by
complexity
mechanisms
underlying
its
biological
function,
including
biased
signaling.
Neurons,
only
concert
with
cells,
are
essential
players
modulation
homeostatic
functions.
Yet,
attempts
to
dissect
complex
multilevel
coordination
still
lacking.
Therefore,
purpose
this
review
summarize
current
knowledge
about
chemokine
regulation
neuron–glia
linking
molecular,
cellular,
network,
behavioral
levels.
Following
a
brief
description
molecular
which
interact
their
receptors
then
summarizing
cellular
patterns
expression
CNS,
we
next
delve
into
sequence
chemokine-regulated
communication
context
neuroprotection.
We
define
interactions
other
neurotransmitters,
neuromodulators,
gliotransmitters.
Finally,
describe
fine-tuning
on
network
level
relevance
modulation.
believe
that
better
understanding
nature
events
drive
neuro-glial
holds
promise
for
development
new
treatment
strategies
could,
context-
time-dependent
manner,
modulate
action
specific
promote
repair
reduce
neurological
impairment.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
42(30), С. 5830 - 5842
Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2022
For
many
decades,
synaptic
plasticity
was
believed
to
be
restricted
excitatory
transmission.
However,
in
recent
years,
this
view
started
change,
and
now
it
is
recognized
that
GABAergic
synapses
show
distinct
forms
of
activity-dependent
long-term
plasticity,
but
the
underlying
mechanisms
remain
obscure.
Herein,
we
asked
whether
signaling
mediated
by
β1
or
β3
subunit-containing
integrins
might
involved
regulating
efficacy
synapses,
including
NMDA
receptor-dependent
inhibitory
potentiation
(iLTP)
hippocampus.
We
found
activation
integrin
with
fibrinogen
induced
a
stable
depression,
whereas
inhibition
potentiated
at
CA1
pyramidal
neurons
male
mice.
Additionally,
compounds
interfere
interaction
extracellular
matrix
blocked
induction
NMDA-iLTP.
In
conclusion,
provide
first
evidence
are
key
players
endogenous
modulatory
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
Epilepsy,
schizophrenia,
anxiety
just
few
medical
conditions
associated
dysfunctional
known
for
their
extraordinary
susceptibility
modulation
factors
exogenous
pharmacological
agents.
describe
here
integrins,
adhesion
proteins,
play
role
Specifically,
interference
integrin-dependent
results
variety
effects
on
amplitude
frequency
mIPSCs.
Activation
induces
iLTP.
Our
unveil
an
important
mechanism
controlling
inhibition,
which
opens
new
avenues
into
usage
integrin-aimed
pharmaceuticals
as
modulators
synapses.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
44(28), С. e1653232024 - e1653232024
Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2024
Congenital
single-sided
deafness
(SSD)
leads
to
an
aural
preference
syndrome
that
is
characterized
by
overrepresentation
of
the
hearing
ear
in
auditory
system.
Cochlear
implantation
(CI)
deaf
effective
treatment
for
SSD.
However,
newly
introduced
input
congenital
SSD
often
does
not
reach
expectations
late-implanted
CI
recipients
with
respect
binaural
and
speech
perception.
In
a
previous
study,
reduction
interaural
time
difference
(ITD)
sensitivity
has
been
shown
unilaterally
congenitally
cats
(uCDCs).
present
we
focused
on
level
(ILD)
processing
primary
cortex.
The
uCDC
group
was
compared
(HCs)
bilaterally
(CDCs).
ILD
representation
reorganized,
replacing
contralateral
ear,
regardless
cortical
hemisphere.
accordance
uCDCs
were
less
sensitive
differences
than
HCs,
resulting
unmodulated
ITD
responses,
thus
lacking
directional
information.
Such
incongruent
ITDs
ILDs
cannot
be
integrated
sound
source
localization.
normal
hearing,
predominant
effect
each
excitation
cortex
hemisphere
inhibition
ipsilateral
SSD,
however,
pathways
reorganized
such
produced
greater
both
hemispheres
weaker
preserved
hemispheres.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
19
Опубликована: Март 14, 2025
Neuronal
excitation-inhibition
(E/I)
balance
is
essential
for
maintaining
neuronal
stability
and
proper
brain
functioning.
Disruptions
in
this
are
implicated
various
neurological
disorders,
including
autism
spectrum
disorder,
schizophrenia
epilepsy.
The
E/I
thought
to
be
primarily
mediated
by
intrinsic
excitability,
governed
an
array
of
voltage-gated
ion
channels,
extrinsic
maintained
through
a
counterbalance
between
excitatory
synaptic
transmission
transmitter
glutamate
acting
on
ion-tropic
receptors
inhibitory
transmissions
chiefly
GABA
or
glycine
their
respective
receptors.
However,
recent
studies
reveal
that
neurotransmitters
can
exhibit
interactions
extend
beyond
traditional
targets,
leading
phenomenon
called
neurotransmitter-receptor
crosstalk.
Examples
such
crosstalks
include
earlier
discovery
functioning
as
co-transmitter
gating
the
NMDA
subtype
receptor,
most
demonstration
shows
binds
GABAA
thereby
allosterically
potentiating
its
function.
These
demonstrate
structurally
physiologically
important
crosstalk
transmission,
blurring
distinction
concepts
classic
transmission.
In
article,
evidence
supporting
forms
will
briefly
summarized
underlying
mechanisms
discussed.
Furthermore,
review
discuss
implications
these
balance,
well
potential
involvement
plasticity
cognition
context
social
conditions.