Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024
Gastric
pain
has
limited
treatment
options
and
the
mechanisms
within
central
circuitry
remain
largely
unclear.
This
study
investigates
in
gastric
induced
by
noxious
distension
(GD)
mice.
Here,
we
identified
that
nucleus
tractus
solitarius
(NTS)
serves
as
first-level
center
of
pain,
primarily
via
vagus
nerve.
The
prelimbic
cortex
(PL)
is
engaged
perception
pain.
lateral
parabrachial
(LPB)
paraventricular
thalamic
(PVT)
are
crucial
regions
for
synaptic
transmission
from
NTS
to
PL.
glutamatergic
tetra-synaptic
NTS–LPB–PVT–PL
necessary
sufficient
processing
Overall,
our
finding
reveals
a
transmits
nociceptive
signaling
nerve
It
provides
an
insight
into
ascending
pathway
offers
potential
therapeutic
targets
relieving
visceral
remains
authors
identify
circuit
basis
clinical
Endocrine Reviews,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
43(2), С. 314 - 328
Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2021
Abstract
The
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
receives
information
from
afferent
neurons,
circulating
hormones,
and
absorbed
nutrients
integrates
this
to
orchestrate
the
actions
of
neuroendocrine
autonomic
systems
in
maintaining
systemic
metabolic
homeostasis.
Particularly
arcuate
nucleus
hypothalamus
(ARC)
is
pivotal
importance
for
primary
sensing
adiposity
signals,
such
as
leptin
insulin,
nutrients,
glucose.
Importantly,
energy
state–sensing
neurons
ARC
not
only
regulate
feeding
but
at
same
time
control
multiple
physiological
functions,
glucose
homeostasis,
blood
pressure,
innate
immune
responses.
These
findings
have
defined
them
master
regulators,
which
adapt
integrative
physiology
state
organism.
disruption
fine-tuned
leads
an
imbalance
between
intake
expenditure
well
deregulation
peripheral
metabolism.
Improving
our
understanding
cellular,
molecular,
functional
basis
regulatory
principle
CNS
could
set
stage
developing
novel
therapeutic
strategies
treatment
obesity
syndrome.
In
review,
we
summarize
insights
with
a
particular
emphasis
on
neurocircuitries
regulating
food
homeostasis
factors
that
inform
brain
organismal
status.
Systemic
metabolism
has
to
be
constantly
adjusted
the
variance
of
food
intake
and
even
prepared
for
anticipated
changes
in
nutrient
availability.
Therefore,
brain
integrates
multiple
homeostatic
signals
with
numerous
cues
that
predict
future
deviations
energy
supply.
Recently,
our
understanding
neural
pathways
underlying
these
regulatory
principles-as
well
as
their
convergence
hypothalamus
key
coordinator
intake,
expenditure,
glucose
metabolism-have
been
revealed.
These
advances
have
changed
view
brain-dependent
control
metabolic
physiology.
In
this
Review,
we
discuss
new
concepts
about
how
alterations
contribute
development
prevalent
diseases
such
obesity
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
emerging
knowledge
may
provide
targets
treatment.
Nature Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6(3), С. 473 - 493
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024
Abstract
Agouti-related
peptide
(AgRP)-expressing
and
proopiomelanocortin
(POMC)-expressing
neurons
reciprocally
regulate
food
intake.
Here,
we
combine
non-interacting
recombinases
to
simultaneously
express
functionally
opposing
chemogenetic
receptors
in
AgRP
POMC
for
comparing
metabolic
responses
male
female
mice
with
simultaneous
activation
of
inhibition
isolated
or
neurons.
We
show
that
intake
is
regulated
by
the
additive
effect
neuron
inhibition,
while
systemic
insulin
sensitivity
gluconeogenesis
are
differentially
modulated
isolated-versus-simultaneous
regulation
identify
a
neurocircuit
engaging
Npy1R-expressing
paraventricular
nucleus
hypothalamus,
where
activated
inhibited
cooperate
promote
consumption
activate
Th
+
tractus
solitarii.
Collectively,
these
results
unveil
how
precisely
bidirectional
interplay
between
neurocircuits.
Animal nutrition,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
7(4), С. 905 - 916
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2021
With
sustainable
development
of
biotechnology,
increasing
attention
has
been
placed
on
utilization
solid-state
fermented
feed
(SFF).
Solid-state
a
candidate
strategy
to
alleviate
the
contradiction
between
supply
and
demand
resources,
ensure
food
hygiene
safety,
promoting
energy
conservation,
emission
reduction.
In
production
SFF,
variety
organic
acids,
enzymes,
vitamins,
peptides,
other
unknown
growth
factors
are
produced,
which
could
affect
performance
animals.
produced
by
different
fermentation
techniques
great
instability
physiological
stages
animals,
hinders
application
standardized
SFF.
Herein,
we
summarize
current
advances
in
role
characteristics
SFF
prepared
manufacturing
technique
its
research
progress
animal
experiments
performance,
gastrointestinal
ecology,
immune
system,
so
as
provide
references
for
further
acquiring
relatively
perfect
set
evaluation
systems.
Nature Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
3(12), С. 1662 - 1679
Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2021
Abstract
Insulin
acts
on
neurons
and
glial
cells
to
regulate
systemic
glucose
metabolism
feeding.
However,
the
mechanisms
of
insulin
access
in
discrete
brain
regions
are
incompletely
defined.
Here
we
show
that
receptors
tanycytes,
but
not
endothelial
cells,
required
hypothalamic
arcuate
nucleus.
Mice
lacking
tanycytes
(IR
∆Tan
mice)
exhibit
resistance,
while
displaying
normal
food
intake
energy
expenditure.
Tanycytic
also
necessary
for
orexigenic
effects
ghrelin,
anorexic
leptin.
IR
mice
increased
agouti-related
peptide
(AgRP)
neuronal
activity,
blunted
AgRP
adaptations
feeding-related
stimuli.
Lastly,
a
highly
palatable
decreases
tanycytic
nucleus
signalling
levels
comparable
those
seen
mice.
These
changes
rooted
modifications
cellular
stress
responses
mitochondrial
protein
quality
control
tanycytes.
Conclusively,
reveal
critical
role
tanycyte
gating
feeding-state-dependent
regulation
sensitivity,
resistance
contributes
pleiotropic
manifestations
obesity-associated
resistance.
Cell Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
35(5), С. 770 - 785.e5
Опубликована: Март 24, 2023
Restricting
caloric
intake
effectively
reduces
body
weight,
but
most
dieters
fail
long-term
adherence
to
deficit
and
eventually
regain
lost
weight.
Hypothalamic
circuits
that
control
hunger
drive
critically
determine
weight;
yet,
how
weight
loss
sculpts
these
motivate
food
consumption
until
is
regained
remains
unclear.
Here,
we
probe
the
contribution
of
synaptic
plasticity
in
discrete
excitatory
afferents
on
hunger-promoting
AgRP
neurons.
We
reveal
a
crucial
role
for
activity-dependent,
remarkably
long-lasting
amplification
activity
originating
from
paraventricular
hypothalamus
thyrotropin-releasing
(PVH
