Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024
Abstract
Neurogliaform
cells
are
a
distinct
type
of
GABAergic
cortical
interneurons
known
for
their
‘volume
transmission’
output
property.
However,
activity
and
function
within
circuits
remain
unclear.
Here,
we
developed
two
genetic
tools
to
target
these
neurons
examine
in
the
primary
visual
cortex.
We
found
that
spontaneous
neurogliaform
positively
correlated
with
locomotion.
Silencing
increased
during
locomotion
impaired
responses
L2/3
pyramidal
neurons.
Furthermore,
contrast-dependent
response
varies
laminar
location
is
constrained
by
morphology
input
connectivity.
These
findings
demonstrate
importance
regulating
behavioral
state-dependent
indicate
functional
engagement
stimuli
influenced
positioning
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
44(1), С. 221 - 252
Опубликована: Март 17, 2021
Many
of
our
daily
activities,
such
as
riding
a
bike
to
work
or
reading
book
in
noisy
cafe,
and
highly
skilled
professional
playing
tennis
match
violin
concerto,
depend
upon
the
ability
brain
quickly
make
moment-to-moment
adjustments
behavior
response
results
actions.
Particularly,
they
neocortex
integrate
information
provided
by
sensory
organs
(bottom-up
information)
with
internally
generated
signals
expectations
attentional
(top-down
information).
This
integration
occurs
pyramidal
cells
(PCs)
their
long
apical
dendrite,
which
branches
extensively
into
dendritic
tuft
layer
1
(L1).
The
outermost
neocortex,
L1
is
conserved
across
cortical
areas
species.
Importantly,
predominant
input
for
top-down
information,
relayed
rich,
dense
mesh
long-range
projections
that
provide
PCs.
Here,
we
discuss
recent
progress
understanding
composition
review
evidence
processing
contributes
functions
perception,
cross-modal
integration,
controlling
states
consciousness,
attention,
learning.
Neocortical
layer
1
(L1)
is
a
site
of
convergence
between
pyramidal-neuron
dendrites
and
feedback
axons
where
local
inhibitory
signaling
can
profoundly
shape
cortical
processing.
Evolutionary
expansion
human
neocortex
marked
by
distinctive
pyramidal
neurons
with
extensive
L1
branching,
but
whether
interneurons
are
similarly
diverse
underexplored.
Using
Patch-seq
recordings
from
neurosurgical
tissue,
we
identified
four
transcriptomic
subclasses
mouse
homologs,
along
distinct
subtypes
types
unmatched
in
L1.
Subclass
subtype
comparisons
showed
stronger
differences
were
correlated
strong
morphoelectric
variability
dimensions
variability.
Accompanied
greater
thickness
other
cytoarchitecture
changes,
these
findings
suggest
that
has
diverged
evolution,
reflecting
the
demands
regulating
expanded
neocortical
circuit.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(5), С. 114212 - 114212
Опубликована: Май 1, 2024
Diverse
types
of
inhibitory
interneurons
(INs)
impart
computational
power
and
flexibility
to
neocortical
circuits.
Whereas
markers
for
different
IN
in
cortical
layers
2-6
(L2-L6)
have
been
instrumental
generating
a
wealth
functional
insights,
only
the
recent
identification
selective
marker
(neuron-derived
neurotrophic
factor
[NDNF])
has
opened
comparable
opportunities
INs
L1
(L1INs).
However,
at
present
we
know
very
little
about
connectivity
NDNF
L1INs
with
other
types,
their
input-output
conversion,
existence
potential
L1IN
subtypes.
Here,
report
pervasive
inhibition
L2/3
(including
parvalbumin
vasoactive
intestinal
peptide
INs)
by
L1INs.
Intersectional
genetics
revealed
similar
physiology
subpopulation
co-expressing
neuropeptide
Y.
Finally,
prominently
selectively
engage
persistent
firing,
physiological
hallmark
disconnecting
output
from
current
input.
Collectively,
our
work
therefore
identifies
as
specialized
master
regulators
superficial
neocortex
according
top-down
afferents.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
43(15), С. 2794 - 2802
Опубликована: Март 13, 2023
The
ability
to
extract
rhythmic
structure
is
important
for
the
development
of
language,
music,
and
social
communication.
Although
previous
studies
show
infants'
brains
entrain
periodicities
auditory
rhythms
even
different
metrical
interpretations
(e.g.,
groups
two
vs
three
beats)
ambiguous
rhythms,
whether
premature
brain
tracks
beat
meter
frequencies
has
not
been
explored
previously.
We
used
high-resolution
electroencephalography
while
infants
(
n
=
19,
5
male;
mean
age,
32
±
2.59
weeks
gestational
age)
heard
in
incubators.
observed
selective
enhancement
neural
response
at
both
beat-
meter-related
frequencies.
Further,
oscillations
duple
(groups
2)
were
phase
aligned
with
envelope
stimuli.
Comparing
relative
power
across
stimuli
frequency
revealed
evidence
meter.
This
suggests
that
this
early
stage
development,
mechanisms
processing
beyond
simple
sensory
coding
are
present.
Our
results
add
a
few
neuroimaging
demonstrating
discriminative
abilities
networks.
Specifically,
our
demonstrate
capacities
immature
circuits
networks
code
grouping
(i.e.,
hierarchical
meter)
regularities
sequences.
Considering
importance
rhythm
acquiring
language
findings
indicate
before
birth,
already
learning
aspect
world
sophisticated
abstract
way.
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
Processing
great
neurodevelopmental
importance.
In
an
experiment
newborns,
we
found
converging
when
presented
encodes
multiple
corresponding
(meter)
frequencies,
selectively
enhances
compared
beat,
as
human
adults.
also
low-frequency
aligns
phenomenon
becomes
less
precise
lower
These
initial
developing
special
care
environment
vulnerable
population
during
highly
dynamic
period
development.
Cortical
GABAergic
interneurons
(INs)
represent
a
diverse
population
of
mainly
locally
projecting
cells
that
provide
specialized
forms
inhibition
to
pyramidal
neurons
and
other
INs.
Most
recent
work
on
INs
has
focused
subtypes
distinguished
by
expression
Parvalbumin
(PV),
Somatostatin
(SST),
or
Vasoactive
Intestinal
Peptide
(VIP).
However,
fourth
group
includes
neurogliaform
(NGFCs)
been
less
well
characterized
due
lack
genetic
tools.
Here,
we
show
these
can
be
accessed
experimentally
using
intersectional
genetics
with
the
gene
Id2
.
We
find
outside
layer
1
(L1),
majority
are
NGFCs
express
high
levels
neuropeptide
Y
(NPY)
exhibit
late-spiking
firing
pattern,
extensive
local
connectivity.
While
much
sparser,
non-NGFC
had
more
variable
properties,
most
corresponding
strongly
expresses
CCK.
In
vivo,
silicon
probe
recordings,
observed
several
distinguishing
aspects
NGFC
activity,
including
strong
rebound
in
activity
immediately
following
cortical
down
state
during
NREM
sleep.
Our
study
provides
insights
into
IN
diversity
distribution
outlines
an
approach
for
further
this
underappreciated
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2024
Abstract
During
brain
development,
neural
circuits
undergo
major
activity-dependent
restructuring.
Circuit
wiring
mainly
occurs
through
synaptic
strengthening
following
the
Hebbian
“fire
together,
wire
together”
precept.
However,
select
connections,
essential
for
circuit
are
transient.
They
effectively
connected
early
in
but
strongly
diminish
during
maturation.
The
mechanisms
by
which
transient
connectivity
recedes
unknown.
To
investigate
this
process,
we
characterize
thalamocortical
inputs,
depress
onto
somatostatin
inhibitory
interneurons
employing
optogenetics,
chemogenetics,
transcriptomics
and
CRISPR-based
strategies
mice.
We
demonstrate
that
contrast
to
typical
mechanisms,
is
non-canonical
involves
metabotropic
signaling.
Specifically,
metabotropic-mediated
transcription,
of
guidance
molecules
particular,
supports
elimination
connectivity.
Remarkably,
found
process
impacts
development
normal
exploratory
behaviors
adult
