PLoS Computational Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(4), С. e1012060 - e1012060
Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2024
Some
aspects
of
cognition
are
more
taxing
than
others.
Accordingly,
many
people
will
avoid
cognitively
demanding
tasks
in
favor
simpler
alternatives.
Which
components
these
costly,
and
how
much,
remains
unknown.
Here,
we
use
a
novel
task
design
which
subjects
request
wages
for
completing
cognitive
computational
modeling
procedure
that
decomposes
their
into
the
costs
driving
them.
Using
working
memory
as
test
case,
our
approach
revealed
gating
new
information
protecting
against
interference
costly.
Critically,
other
factors,
like
load,
appeared
less
Other
key
factors
may
drive
effort
costs,
such
error
avoidance,
had
minimal
influence
on
wage
requests.
Our
is
sensitive
to
individual
differences,
could
be
used
psychiatric
populations
understand
true
underlying
nature
apparent
deficits.
Neuropsychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
47(1), С. 309 - 328
Опубликована: Июль 26, 2021
The
primate
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
subserves
our
highest
order
cognitive
operations,
and
yet
is
tremendously
dependent
on
a
precise
neurochemical
environment
for
proper
functioning.
Depletion
of
noradrenaline
dopamine,
or
acetylcholine
from
the
dorsolateral
PFC
(dlPFC),
as
devastating
removing
itself,
serotonergic
influences
are
also
critical
to
functioning
orbital
medial
PFC.
Most
neuromodulators
have
narrow
inverted
U
dose
response,
which
coordinates
arousal
state
with
state,
contributes
deficits
fatigue
uncontrollable
stress.
Studies
in
monkeys
revealed
molecular
signaling
mechanisms
that
govern
generation
modulation
mental
representations
by
dlPFC,
allowing
dynamic
regulation
network
strength,
process
requires
tight
prevent
toxic
actions,
e.g.,
occurs
advanced
age.
Brain
imaging
studies
humans
observed
drug
genotype
range
tasks
circuit
functional
connectivity,
showing
catecholamines
stabilize
baseline-dependent
manner.
Research
has
already
led
new
treatments
disorders
humans,
encouraging
future
research
this
important
field.
Neural
activity
underlying
working
memory
is
not
a
local
phenomenon
but
distributed
across
multiple
brain
regions.
To
elucidate
the
circuit
mechanism
of
such
activity,
we
developed
an
anatomically
constrained
computational
model
large-scale
macaque
cortex.
We
found
that
mnemonic
internal
states
may
emerge
from
inter-areal
reverberation,
even
in
regime
where
none
isolated
areas
capable
generating
self-sustained
activity.
The
pattern
along
cortical
hierarchy
indicates
transition
space,
separating
engaged
and
those
which
do
not.
A
host
spatially
distinct
attractor
found,
potentially
subserving
various
processes.
yields
testable
predictions,
including
idea
counterstream
inhibitory
bias,
role
prefrontal
controlling
attractors,
resilience
to
lesions
or
inactivation.
This
work
provides
theoretical
framework
for
identifying
mechanisms
principles
cognitive
Nature Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
26(7), С. 1281 - 1294
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2023
Abstract
Dynamics
and
functions
of
neural
circuits
depend
on
interactions
mediated
by
receptors.
Therefore,
a
comprehensive
map
receptor
organization
across
cortical
regions
is
needed.
In
this
study,
we
used
in
vitro
autoradiography
to
measure
the
density
14
neurotransmitter
types
109
areas
macaque
cortex.
We
integrated
data
with
anatomical,
genetic
functional
connectivity
into
common
space.
uncovered
principal
gradient
expression
per
neuron.
This
aligns
hierarchy
from
sensory
cortex
higher
cognitive
areas.
A
second
gradient,
driven
serotonin
5-HT
1A
receptors,
peaks
anterior
cingulate,
default
mode
salience
networks.
found
similar
pattern
human
brain.
Thus,
may
be
promising
translational
model
serotonergic
processing
disorders.
The
gradients
enable
rapid,
reliable
information
slow,
flexible
integration
Nature Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
26(8), С. 1461 - 1471
Опубликована: Июль 17, 2023
Abstract
Structural
similarity
is
a
growing
focus
for
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
of
connectomes.
Here
we
propose
Morphometric
INverse
Divergence
(MIND),
new
method
to
estimate
within-subject
between
cortical
areas
based
on
the
divergence
their
multivariate
distributions
multiple
MRI
features.
Compared
prior
approach
morphometric
networks
(MSNs)
n
>
11,000
scans
spanning
three
human
datasets
and
one
macaque
dataset,
MIND
were
more
reliable,
consistent
with
cytoarchitectonics
symmetry
correlated
tract-tracing
measures
axonal
connectivity.
derived
from
T1-weighted
sensitive
age-related
changes
than
MSNs
or
by
tractography
diffusion-weighted
MRI.
Gene
co-expression
was
strongly
coupled
tractography.
network
phenotypes
also
heritable,
especially
edges
structurally
differentiated
areas.
analysis
provides
biologically
validated
lens
connectomics
using
readily
available
data.
NeuroImage,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
235, С. 118017 - 118017
Опубликована: Март 29, 2021
Brain
perturbation
studies
allow
detailed
causal
inferences
of
behavioral
and
neural
processes.
Because
the
combination
brain
methods
measurement
techniques
is
inherently
challenging,
research
in
humans
has
predominantly
focused
on
non-invasive,
indirect
perturbations,
or
neurological
lesion
studies.
Non-human
primates
have
been
indispensable
as
a
neurobiological
system
that
highly
similar
to
while
simultaneously
being
more
experimentally
tractable,
allowing
visualization
functional
structural
impact
systematic
perturbation.
This
review
considers
state
art
non-human
primate
with
focus
approaches
can
be
combined
neuroimaging.
We
consider
both
non-reversible
(lesions)
reversible
temporary
perturbations
such
electrical,
pharmacological,
optical,
optogenetic,
chemogenetic,
pathway-selective,
ultrasound
based
interference
methods.
Method-specific
considerations
from
development
community
are
offered
facilitate
this
field
support
further
innovations.
conclude
by
identifying
novel
avenues
for
innovation
highlighting
clinical
translational
potential
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
45(1), С. 533 - 560
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022
The
neocortex
is
a
complex
neurobiological
system
with
many
interacting
regions.
How
these
regions
work
together
to
subserve
flexible
behavior
and
cognition
has
become
increasingly
amenable
rigorous
research.
Here,
I
review
recent
experimental
theoretical
on
the
modus
operandi
of
multiregional
cortex.
These
studies
revealed
several
general
principles
for
neocortical
interareal
connectivity,
low-dimensional
macroscopic
gradients
biological
properties
across
cortical
areas,
hierarchy
timescales
information
processing.
Theoretical
suggests
testable
predictions
regarding
differential
excitation
inhibition
along
feedforward
feedback
pathways
in
hierarchy.
Furthermore,
modeling
distributed
working
memory
simple
decision-making
given
rise
novel
mathematical
concept,
dubbed
bifurcation
space,
that
potentially
explains
how
different
canonical
circuit
organization
but
heterogeneities,
are
able
their
respective
(e.g.,
sensory
coding
versus
executive
control)
functions
modularly
organized
brain.
