Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
44(19), С. e2345232024 - e2345232024
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024
Animals
must
distinguish
the
sensory
consequences
of
self-generated
movements
(reafference)
from
those
other-generated
(exafference).
Only
entail
production
motor
copies
(i.e.,
corollary
discharges),
which
are
compared
with
reafference
in
cerebellum
to
compute
predictive
or
internal
models
movement.
Internal
emerge
gradually
over
first
three
postnatal
weeks
rats
through
a
process
that
is
not
yet
fully
understood.
Previously,
we
demonstrated
day
(P)
8
and
P12
precerebellar
nuclei
convey
discharge
during
active
(REM)
sleep
when
pups
produce
limb
twitches.
Here,
recording
deep
cerebellar
nucleus
(interpositus,
IP)
both
sexes,
reafferent
exafferent
responses
twitches
stimulations,
respectively.
As
expected,
most
IP
units
showed
robust
However,
contrast
other
structures
throughout
brain,
relatively
few
responses.
Upon
finding
occurred
under
urethane
anesthesia,
hypothesized
inhibits
cortical
cells,
thereby
disinhibiting
IP.
In
support
this
hypothesis,
ablating
tissue
dorsal
mimicked
effects
on
exafference.
Finally,
results
suggest
twitch-related
conveyed
simultaneously
parallel
cortex
Based
these
results,
propose
provide
opportunities
for
nascent
integrate
somatotopically
organized
reafference,
enabling
development
closed-loop
circuits
and,
subsequently,
models.
Abstract
Despite
extensive
evidence
on
the
roles
of
non-rapid
eye
movement
(NREM)
and
REM
sleep
in
memory
processing,
a
comprehensive
model
that
integrates
their
complementary
functions
remains
elusive
due
to
lack
mechanistic
understanding
REM’s
role
offline
processing.
We
present
Refining
Rescuing
(RnR)
Hypothesis,
which
posits
principal
function
is
increase
signal-to-noise
ratio
within
across
representations.
As
such,
selectively
enhances
essential
nodes
representation
while
inhibiting
majority
(Refine).
Additionally,
modulates
weak
strong
representations
so
they
fall
similar
range
recallability
(Rescue).
Across
multiple
NREM-REM
cycles,
tuning
individual
traces
get
sharpened,
allowing
for
integration
shared
features
hypothesize
sleep’s
unique
cellular,
neuromodulatory,
electrophysiological
milieu,
marked
by
greater
inhibition
mixed
autonomic
state
both
sympathetic
parasympathetic
activity,
underpins
these
processes.
The
RnR
Hypothesis
offers
unified
framework
explains
diverse
behavioral
neural
outcomes
associated
with
sleep,
paving
way
future
research
more
sleep-dependent
cognitive
functions.
Children,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12(2), С. 153 - 153
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025
Background/Objectives:
Previous
research
suggests
that
sleep
quality
and
duration
may
significantly
impact
sensory
experiences,
yet
the
specific
relationships
in
healthy
early
childhood
remain
unclear.
This
study
explores
relationship
between
parameters
processing
outcomes
typically
developing
children
followed
longitudinally
from
3
to
12
months
4
years
of
age.
Methods:
We
assessed
problems,
duration,
onset
latency,
parasomnias,
a
sample
(N
=
85).
Sleep
were
reported
by
parents,
was
evaluated
using
Sensory
Processing
Measure—Parent
version
(SPM-P).
Cross-sectional
longitudinal
analyses
examined
predictors
based
on
patterns
at
3–12
months,
18
2
years,
Results:
Our
findings
indicate
greater
problems
correlate
with
heightened
sensitivity
across
modalities,
including
touch
vision,
as
well
higher-order
cognitive
functions
such
planning
social
interactions.
Specifically,
significant
while
predicted
skills.
Additionally,
longer
during
infancy
(3–12
months)
positively
influenced
participation
years.
Conclusions:
underscores
critical
role
shaping
childhood.
Promoting
habits
mitigate
difficulties,
ultimately
supporting
emotional
development.
The Journal of Physiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025
Rapid
eye
movement
(REM)
sleep
is
a
fundamental
state
associated
with
diverse
functions
from
elemental
physiological
processes
to
higher
order
neurocognitive
functions.
A
growing
body
of
research
indicates
that
REM
movements
(phasic
REM)
differs
periods
without
ocular
activity
(tonic)
in
terms
spontaneous
and
evoked
neural
responses.
Studies
using
auditory
stimulation
consistently
observed
enhanced
responses
tonic
versus
phasic
REM,
indicating
external
processing
largely
diminished
when
the
eyes
move
during
sleep.
Whereas
exteroceptive
widely
studied,
investigations
on
interoception
(the
bodily
signals)
are
scarce,
limited
scalp
electroencephalographic
recordings.
Here
we
studied
interoceptive
group
epileptic
patients
(N
=
11)
by
measuring
their
heartbeat-related
anterior
nuclei
thalamus
(ANT)
resting
wakefulness.
Evoked
potentials
beta-low
gamma
spectral
power
locked
heartbeat
were
significantly
different
compared
Heartbeat-related
signals
exhibited
pronounced
inter-trial
phase
synchronization
at
lower
(7-20
Hz)
oscillatory
all
vigilance
states,
but
reduced
later
time
points
only.
Tonic
wakefulness
did
not
show
significant
differences
ANT.
Our
findings
indicate
detectable
level
ANT,
showing
distinct
signatures
KEY
POINTS:
We
(ANT).
The
ANT
tracks
cardiac
rapid
Phasic
shows
patterns
activity.
Interoceptive
might
be
attenuated
movements.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 171 - 180
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Abstract
This
chapter
describes
how
the
sleep
behavior
in
humans
evolves
from
fetus
through
adolescence
(sleep
ontogeny).
Early
life,
shows
a
large
natural
variation
among
individuals.
Children’s
is
shaped
by
internal
biological
processes,
as
well
cultural
values,
parental
beliefs,
environmental
factors,
and
regulatory
mechanisms
of
social
systems.
Crucially,
first
two
decades
life
include
sensitive
windows—periods
during
which
brain
more
receptive
to
learning—and
major
transitions
that
set
stage
for
later
functioning.
Slow
waves
spindles,
are
key
EEG
electrophysiological
features
sleep,
play
crucial
role
neuroplasticity
their
developmental
changes
can
be
used
track
regulation
development.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 163 - 170
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Abstract
Sleep
is
most
prevalent
in
early
life
across
diverse
vertebrate
and
invertebrate
species,
indicating
its
vital
ancient
developmental
contributions.
But
infant
sleep
also
differs
significantly
from
adult
sleep,
necessitating
a
approach
to
study
complexities.
For
example,
human
infants,
transitions
fragmented
consolidated
patterns,
process
paralleled
other
animals
like
rats.
Also,
sleep’s
composition
changes
qualitatively
over
time,
with
components
of
active
quiet
emerging
gradually.
The
expression
infancy
pressure
rebound
response
deprivation
demonstrates
robust
homeostatic
regulation,
even
as
that
regulation
age.
Functionally,
plays
critical
roles
brain
development,
supporting
processes
synaptic
refinement,
neural
circuit
formation,
sensorimotor
integration,
ocular
dominance
plasticity.
Understanding
trajectory
species
can
illuminate
functions
evolutionary
history.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 63 - 70
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Abstract
Sleep
is
characterized
in
humans
and
other
mammals
by
specific
body
postures
indicative
of
a
gradual
decrease
motor
activity,
an
elevated
arousal
threshold
that
reduces
the
likelihood
external
stimulus
to
cause
arousal.
In
this
chapter,
we
describe
how
sensory
processing
are
modulated
sleep.
Despite
threshold,
remains
active,
allowing
for
perception
important
stimuli
such
as
baby’s
cry
or
one’s
name.
This
supported
ongoing
activity
pathways,
even
during
deep
non–rapid
eye
movement
(NREM)
rapid
(REM)
sleep
stages.
Motor
strongly
sleep,
with
overall
reflexes
decreased
prevent
unnecessary
movements.
discuss
disruption
sensory-motor
underlies
disorders,
REM
behavior
disorder
(RBD),
restless
legs
syndrome
(RLS),
periodic
limb
(PLMD),
obstructive
apnea
(OSA).
