Comparative fMRI reveals differences in the functional organization of the visual cortex for animacy perception in dogs and humans

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

The animate-inanimate category distinction is one of the general organizing principles in primate high-level visual cortex. Much less known about cortical representations animacy non-primate mammals with a different evolutionary trajectory capacities. To compare functional organization underlying perception to species, here we performed an fMRI study dogs and humans, investigating how structures neural responses cortex two species. Univariate analyses identified animate-sensitive bilateral occipital temporal regions, non-overlapping early areas, both Multivariate tests confirmed categorical animate stimuli these regions. Regions sensitive stimulus classes (dog, human, cat) overlapped dog than human brains. Together, findings reveal that importance reflected higher-level cortex, also beyond primates. But key species difference, for are concentrated humans suggests certain support primates may not play similarly important role other mammals.

Язык: Английский

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Explainable and Responsible AI in Neuroscience

Опубликована: Март 3, 2025

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Explaining Mechanism–Task Fit in Neuroscience

The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Adversarial testing of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theories of consciousness

Nature, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2025

Different theories explain how subjective experience arises from brain activity1,2. These have independently accrued evidence, but not been directly compared3. Here we present an open science adversarial collaboration juxtaposing integrated information theory (IIT)4,5 and global neuronal workspace (GNWT)6-10 via a theory-neutral consortium11-13. The proponents the consortium developed preregistered experimental design, divergent predictions, expected outcomes interpretation thereof12. Human participants (n = 256) viewed suprathreshold stimuli for variable durations while neural activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography intracranial electroencephalography. We found about conscious content in visual, ventrotemporal inferior frontal cortex, sustained responses occipital lateral temporal cortex reflecting stimulus duration, content-specific synchronization between early visual areas. results align some predictions of IIT GNWT, substantially challenging key tenets both theories. For IIT, lack within posterior contradicts claim that network connectivity specifies consciousness. GNWT is challenged by general ignition at offset limited representation certain dimensions prefrontal cortex. challenges extend to other consciousness share tested here14-17. Beyond theories, alternative approach advance cognitive neuroscience through principled, theory-driven, collaborative research highlight need quantitative framework systematic testing building.

Язык: Английский

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Flexibility of intrinsic neural timescales during distinct behavioral states

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024

Abstract Recent neuroimaging studies demonstrate a heterogeneity of timescales prevalent in the brain’s ongoing spontaneous activity, labeled intrinsic neural (INT). At same time, also reflect stimulus- or task-related activity. The relationship INT during activity with their involvement task states including behavior remains unclear. To address this question, we combined calcium imaging data spontaneously behaving mice and human electroencephalography (EEG) rest computational modeling. We obtained four primary findings: (i) distinct behavioral can be accurately predicted from INT, (ii) become longer compared to rest, (iii) change is correlated negatively variability (iv) mass modeling shows key role recurrent connections mediating rest-task INT. Extending current findings, our results show dynamic nature reflecting continuous through flexible modulation possibly mediated by connections.

Язык: Английский

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Network Communications Flexibly Predict Visual Contents That Enhance Representations for Faster Visual Categorization

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(29), С. 5391 - 5405

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2023

Models of visual cognition generally assume that brain networks predict the contents a stimulus to facilitate its subsequent categorization. However, understanding prediction and categorization at network level has remained challenging, partly because we need reverse engineer their information processing mechanisms from dynamic neural signals. Here, used connectivity measures can isolate communications specific content reconstruct these in each individual participant ( N = 11, both sexes). Each was cued spatial location (left vs right) [low frequency (LSF) high (HSF)] predicted Gabor they then categorized. Using participant's concurrently measured MEG, reconstructed categorize LSF versus HSF for behavior. We found flexibly propagate top down temporal lateralized occipital cortex, depending on task demands, under supervisory control prefrontal cortex. When reach predictions enhance bottom-up representations stimulus, all way occipital-ventral-parietal premotor turn producing faster Importantly, are subsets (i.e., 55–75%) signal-to-signal typically between regions. Hence, our study isolates functional process cognitive functions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT An enduring hypothesis states perception is influenced by sensory input but also top-down expectations. explanations according task-demands remain elusive. addressed them predictive experimental design isolating other communications. Our methods revealed Prediction Network communicates with explicit frontal control, an occipital-ventral-parietal-frontal Categorization represents more sharply shown leading framework results therefore shed new light activity.

Язык: Английский

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Strength of predicted information content in the brain biases decision behavior

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(24), С. 5505 - 5514.e6

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

Prediction-for-perception theories suggest that the brain predicts incoming stimuli to facilitate their categorization.1Smith F.W. Muckli L. Nonstimulated early visual areas carry information about surrounding context.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2010; 107: 20099-20103Crossref PubMed Scopus (120) Google Scholar,2Uran C. Peter A. Lazar Barnes W. Klon-Lipok J. Shapcott K.A. Roese R. Fries P. Singer Vinck M. Predictive coding of natural images by V1 firing rates and rhythmic synchronization.Neuron. 2022; 110: 1240-1257.e8Abstract Full Text PDF (13) Scholar,3Clark Whatever next? brains, situated agents, future cognitive science.Behav. Brain 2013; 36: 181-204Crossref (2877) Scholar,4Friston K. The free-energy principle: a unified theory?.Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 11: 127-138Crossref (3852) Scholar,5Gilbert C.D. Sigman states: top-down influences in sensory processing.Neuron. 2007; 54: 677-696Abstract (627) Scholar,6Yuille Kersten D. Vision as Bayesian inference: analysis synthesis?.Trends Cogn. 2006; 10: 301-308Abstract (506) Scholar,7Glenberg A.M. What memory is for.Behav. 1997; 20: 1-19Crossref (1092) Scholar,8Ye Z. Shi Li Chen Xue G. Retrieval practice facilitates updating enhancing differentiating medial prefrontal cortex representations.eLife. 2020; 9e57023Crossref (16) Scholar,9De Lange F.P. Heilbron Kok How do expectations shape perception?.Trends 2018; 22: 764-779Abstract (376) Scholar,10Kok Jehee J.F.M. de Less more: expectation sharpens representations primary cortex.Neuron. 2012; 75: 265-270Abstract (441) Scholar,11Bar Kassam K.S. Ghuman A.S. Boshyan Schmid Dale Hämäläinen M.S. Marinkovic Schacter D.L. Rosen B.R. et al.Top-down facilitation recognition.Proc. 103: 449-454Crossref (1166) Scholar,12Stein T. Peelen M.V. Content-specific enhance stimulus detectability increasing perceptual sensitivity.J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 2015; 144: 1089-1104Crossref Scholar,13Michalareas Vezoli Van Pelt S. Schoffelen J.M. Kennedy H. Alpha-beta gamma rhythms subserve feedback feedforward among human cortical areas.Neuron. 2016; 89: 384-397Abstract (417) Scholar,14Benedek Bergner Könen Fink Neubauer A.C. EEG alpha synchronization related processing convergent divergent thinking.Neuropsychologia. 2011; 49: 3505-3511Crossref (214) Scholar,15Lobier Palva High-alpha band across frontal, parietal mediates behavioral neuronal effects visuospatial attention.NeuroImage. 165: 222-237Crossref (82) Scholar,16Brandman Avancini Leticevscaia O. Auditory semantic cues decoding object category MEG.Cereb. Cortex. 30: 597-606Google Scholar,17Treder Charest I. Michelmann Martín-Buro M.C. Roux F. Carceller-Benito Ugalde-Canitrot Rollings D.T. Sawlani V. Chelvarajah al.The hippocampus switchboard between perception memory.Proc. 2021; 118e2114171118Crossref Scholar However, it remains unknown what contents these predictions are, which hinders mechanistic explanations. This because typical approaches cast an underconstrained contrast two categories18Linde-Domingo Treder Kerrén Wimber Evidence neural flow reversed reconstruction from memory.Nat. Commun. 2019; 179Crossref (56) Scholar,19Dijkstra N. Ambrogioni Vidaurre van Gerven Neural dynamics inference its reversal during imagery.eLife. 9e53588Crossref (29) Scholar,20Kok Mostert De Prior induce prestimulus templates.Proc. 2017; 114: 10473-10478Crossref (162) Scholar,21Lee S.H. Kravitz D.J. Baker C.I. Disentangling imagery real-world objects.NeuroImage. 59: 4064-4073Crossref (143) Scholar,22Hindy N.C. Ng F.Y. Turk-Browne N.B. Linking pattern completion predictive cortex.Nat. 19: 665-667Crossref Scholar,23Dijkstra Bosch S.E. M.A.J. Shared mechanisms imagery.Trends 23: 423-434Abstract (121) Scholar,24Kerrén Linde-Domingo Hanslmayr An optimal oscillatory phase for reactivation retrieval.Curr. Biol. 28: 3383-3392.e6Abstract (53) Scholar—e.g., faces versus cars, could lead features specific or both categories. Here, pinpoint thus brain, we identified enable different categorical perceptions same stimuli. We then trained multivariate classifiers discern, dynamic MEG responses, tied each perception. With auditory cueing design, reveal where, when, how reactivates (versus contrast) before shown. demonstrate have more direct influence (bias) on subsequent decision behavior participants than contrast. Specifically, are precisely localized (lateralized), specifically driven cues, strength presentation exerts greater bias individual participant later categorizes this stimulus. By characterizing processes, our findings provide new insights into brain's prediction

Язык: Английский

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Convolutional neural network models applied to neuronal responses in macaque V1 reveal limited nonlinear processing

Journal of Vision, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(6), С. 1 - 1

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2024

Computational models of the primary visual cortex (V1) have suggested that V1 neurons behave like Gabor filters followed by simple nonlinearities. However, recent work employing convolutional neural network (CNN) has relies on far more nonlinear computations than previously thought. Specifically, unit responses in an intermediate layer VGG-19 were found to best predict macaque thousands natural and synthetic images. Here, we evaluated hypothesis poor performance lower units might be attributable their small receptive field size rather lack complexity per se. We compared with AlexNet, which much larger fields its layers. Whereas best-performing occurred after seven steps, first AlexNet predicted responses. Although predictive accuracy was somewhat better standard a modified version could match only few computations. Control analyses revealed decreasing input images caused shift layer, consistent relationship between image can strongly affect model performance. conducted additional using pyramid test for contributions normalization contrast saturation. Overall, our findings suggest feedforward well explained assuming processing stages.

Язык: Английский

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Towards an ecologically valid naturalistic cognitive neuroscience of memory and event cognition

Neuropsychologia, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 203, С. 108970 - 108970

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Comparative fMRI reveals differences in the functional organization of the visual cortex for animacy perception in dogs and humans

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2024

Abstract The animate-inanimate category distinction is one of the general organizing principles in primate high-level visual cortex. Much less known about cortical representations animacy non-primate mammals with a different evolutionary trajectory capacities. To compare functional organization underlying perception to species, here we performed an fMRI study dogs and humans, investigating how structures neural responses cortex two species. Univariate analyses identified animate-sensitive bilateral occipital temporal regions, non-overlapping early areas, both Multivariate tests confirmed categorical animate stimuli these regions. Regions sensitive stimulus classes (dog, human, cat) overlapped dog than human brains. Together, findings reveal that importance reflected higher-level cortex, also beyond primates. But key species difference, for are concentrated humans suggests certain support primates may not play similarly important role other mammals.

Язык: Английский

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