Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2024
Abstract
Preterm
birth
is
a
leading
risk
factor
for
atypicalities
in
cognitive
and
sensory
processing,
but
it
unclear
how
prematurity
impacts
circuits
that
support
these
functions.
To
address
this,
we
trained
adult
mice
born
day
early
(preterm
mice)
on
visual
discrimination
task
found
they
commit
more
errors
fail
to
achieve
high
levels
of
performance.
Using
in
vivo
electrophysiology,
the
neurons
primary
cortex
(V1)
V1-projecting
prefrontal
anterior
cingulate
(ACC)
are
hyper-responsive
reward,
reminiscent
cue
processing
adolescence.
Moreover,
non-rewarded
fails
robustly
activate
V1
ACC
during
error
trials,
contrast
fast-spiking
(FS)
interneurons
which
show
elevated
error-related
activity,
suggesting
preterm
impairs
function
monitoring.
Finally,
environmental
enrichment,
well-established
paradigm
promotes
maturation,
failed
improve
performance
mice,
limited
capacity
interventions
reducing
deficits
after
birth.
Altogether,
our
study
first
time
identifies
potential
circuit
mechanisms
population
highlights
vulnerability
advanced
onset
extrauterine
experience.
PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
19(6), С. e0306022 - e0306022
Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024
Early
life
adversity
(ELA)
increases
the
likelihood
of
later-life
neuropsychiatric
disorders
and
cognitive
dysfunction.
Importantly,
ELA,
disorders,
deficits
all
involve
aberrant
immune
signaling.
Microglia
are
primary
neuroimmune
cells
regulate
brain
development.
particularly
sensitive
to
early
insults,
which
can
program
their
responses
future
challenges.
ELA
in
form
maternal
separation
(MS)
rats
alters
microglial
morphology
inflammatory
profile
prefrontal
cortex,
a
region
important
for
cognition.
However,
role
during
MS
development
later
cognition
is
not
known.
Therefore,
here
we
aimed
determine
whether
presence
microglia
mediates
long-term
impacts
on
adult
working
memory.
Clodronate
liposomes
were
used
transiently
deplete
from
brain,
while
empty
as
control.
We
hypothesized
that
if
mediate
memory
adulthood,
then
depleting
would
prevent
these
deficits.
function
shifts
throughout
neonatal
period,
so
an
exploratory
investigation
assessed
depletion
versus
late
period
had
different
effects
Surprisingly,
liposome
treatment
early,
but
late,
postnatal
induced
activity
changes
compounded
with
impair
females.
In
contrast,
infancy
impaired
females,
suggesting
plays
function.
Together,
findings
suggest
shift
sensitivity
insults
across
Our
also
highlight
potential
impact
some
developmental
processes
only
when
additional
challenges
sex-dependent
manner.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024
The
primate
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
is
a
quintessential
hub
of
cognitive
functions.
Amidst
its
intricate
neural
architecture,
the
interplay
distinct
neuronal
subtypes,
notably
parvalbumin
(PV)
and
somatostatin
(SST)
interneurons
(INs),
emerge
as
cornerstone
in
sculpting
cortical
circuitry
governing
processes.
While
considerable
strides
have
been
made
elucidating
developmental
trajectory
these
neurons
rodent
models,
our
understanding
their
postmigration
dynamics
primates
still
needs
to
be
studied.
Disruptions
this
can
compromise
IN
function,
impairing
signal
gating
circuit
modulation
within
networks.
This
study
examined
expression
patterns
PV
SST,
ion
transporter
KCC2,
channel
subtypes
Kv3.1b,
Nav1.1
-
associated
with
morphophysiological
stages
development
postnatal
marmoset
monkey
different
frontal
regions
(granular
areas
8aD,
8aV,
9,
46;
agranular
11,
47L).
Our
results
demonstrate
that
maturation
PV+
INs
extends
into
adolescence,
characterized
by
discrete
epochs
specific
subtypes.
Interestingly,
we
observed
decrease
SST
interneurons,
contrasting
studies
rodents.
endeavor
broadens
comprehension
furnishes
invaluable
insights
etiology
pathophysiology
neurodevelopmental
disorders
perturbations
function.
Frontal
cortical
circuits
undergo
prolonged
maturation
across
childhood
and
adolescence;
however,
it
remains
unknown
what
specific
changes
are
occurring
at
the
circuit
level
to
establish
adult
cognitive
function.
With
recent
advent
of
dissection
techniques,
is
now
feasible
examine
circuit-specific
in
connectivity,
activity,
function
animal
models.
Here,
we
propose
that
balance
local
long-range
inputs
onto
frontal
an
understudied
metric
maturation.
This
review
highlights
research
on
a
frontal-sensory
attention
undergoes
refinement
local/long-range
regulated
by
activity
neuromodulatory
signaling,
evaluates
how
this
process
may
occur
generally
cortex
support
behavior.
Notably,
can
be
bidirectionally
disrupted
through
various
mechanisms
relevant
psychiatric
disorders.
Pharmacological
or
environmental
interventions
normalize
reset
could
hold
great
therapeutic
promise
prevent
rescue
deficits.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2024
Dopamine
(DA)
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
reward
processing,
cognitive
functions,
and
emotional
regulation.
The
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
is
critical
brain
region
for
these
processes.
Parvalbumin-positive
(PV+)
neurons
are
one
of
the
major
classes
inhibitory
GABAergic
cortex,
they
modulate
activity
neighboring
neurons,
influencing
various
functions.
While
DA
receptor
expression
exhibits
age-related
changes,
changes
receptors
PV+
especially
PFC,
remain
unclear.
To
address
this,
we
investigated
D1
(D1R)
D2
(D2R)
within
orbitofrontal
(OFC)
prelimbic
(PrL)
cortices
at
different
postnatal
ages
(P28,
P42,
P56,
P365).
We
found
that
D1R
D2R
showed
both
age-
region-related
changes.
OFC
expressed
higher
abundance
than
those
PrL,
also
co-expression
PrL.
In
increased
from
P28
reached
plateau
then
receded
to
express
P365.
Meanwhile,
did
not
show
significant
between
two
regions
except
P56.
These
results
dopamine
exhibit
region-specific
which
may
contribute
difference
reward-related
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
93(5), С. 285 - 291
Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2024
Neuroprotection
aims
to
safeguard
neurons
from
damage
caused
by
various
factors
like
stress,
potentially
leading
the
rescue,
recovery,
or
regeneration
of
nervous
system
and
its
functions
[J
Clin
Neurosci.
2002;9(1):4–8].
Conversely,
neuroplasticity
refers
brain’s
ability
adapt
change
throughout
life,
involving
structural
functional
alterations
in
cells
synaptic
transmission
[Neural
Plast.
2014;2014:541870].
is
a
broad
multidisciplinary
field
encompassing
approaches
strategies
aimed
at
preserving
promoting
neuronal
health.
It
critical
area
research
neuroscience
neurology,
with
potential
lead
new
therapies
for
wide
range
neurological
disorders
conditions.
can
take
forms
may
involve
pharmacological
agents,
lifestyle
modifications,
behavioral
interventions.
Accordingly,
also
perspective
meaning
neuroprotection
differs
due
different
angles
interpretation.
The
primary
interpretation
point
view
since
most
consistent
data
come
this
field.
In
addition,
we
will
discuss
alternative,
yet
less
considered,
perspectives
on
neuroprotection,
focusing
specific
neuroprotective
targets,
interactions
surrounding
microglia,
levels
effects,
reversive/adaptative
dimension,
use
as
anticipatory/prophylactic
intervention.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024
Summary
Adolescence
is
considered
to
be
a
sensitive
period
for
brain
development,
but
it
not
clear
how
the
neocortex
functions
differently
at
this
stage.
We
hypothesized
that
if
there
in
dorsomedial
prefrontal
cortex
(dmPFC)
during
adolescence,
then
we
might
find
area
shows
stronger
encoding
of
task-related
information
adolescent
ages
than
adult
ages.
To
enable
optical
access
layer
2/3
neural
activity
developing
mouse,
imaged
mice
under
2-photon
microscope
while
they
learned
an
auditory
go/no-go
task.
found
(postnatal
day
P30-45)
task
criterion
faster
(P60-75).
When
compared
expert
with
comparable
performance
between
two
age
groups,
similar
fraction
single
cells
encoded
variables
groups.
However,
could
better
decoded
from
dmPFC
population
adult,
even
when
controlled
differences
head-fixed
running.
Adolescents
also
showed
greater
noise
correlation
adults,
and
shuffling
remove
suggested
contributed
gain
function
brain.
suggest
working
model
frontal
association
which
capacity
distributed
underlies
increased
sensitivity
experiences
occur
stage
life.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2024
Abstract
Preterm
birth
is
a
leading
risk
factor
for
atypicalities
in
cognitive
and
sensory
processing,
but
it
unclear
how
prematurity
impacts
circuits
that
support
these
functions.
To
address
this,
we
trained
adult
mice
born
day
early
(preterm
mice)
on
visual
discrimination
task
found
they
commit
more
errors
fail
to
achieve
high
levels
of
performance.
Using
vivo
electrophysiology
,
the
neurons
primary
cortex
(V1)
V1-projecting
prefrontal
anterior
cingulate
(ACC)
are
hyper-responsive
reward,
reminiscent
cue
processing
adolescence.
Moreover,
non-rewarded
fails
robustly
activate
V1
ACC
during
error
trials,
contrast
fast-spiking
(FS)
interneurons
which
show
elevated
error-related
activity,
suggesting
preterm
impairs
function
monitoring.
Finally,
environmental
enrichment,
well-established
paradigm
promotes
maturation,
failed
improve
performance
mice,
limited
capacity
interventions
reducing
deficits
after
birth.
Altogether,
our
study
first
time
identifies
potential
circuit
mechanisms
population
highlights
vulnerability
advanced
onset
extrauterine
experience.
Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2024
Abstract
Preterm
birth
is
a
leading
risk
factor
for
atypicalities
in
cognitive
and
sensory
processing,
but
it
unclear
how
prematurity
impacts
circuits
that
support
these
functions.
To
address
this,
we
trained
adult
mice
born
day
early
(preterm
mice)
on
visual
discrimination
task
found
they
commit
more
errors
fail
to
achieve
high
levels
of
performance.
Using
in
vivo
electrophysiology,
the
neurons
primary
cortex
(V1)
V1-projecting
prefrontal
anterior
cingulate
(ACC)
are
hyper-responsive
reward,
reminiscent
cue
processing
adolescence.
Moreover,
non-rewarded
fails
robustly
activate
V1
ACC
during
error
trials,
contrast
fast-spiking
(FS)
interneurons
which
show
elevated
error-related
activity,
suggesting
preterm
impairs
function
monitoring.
Finally,
environmental
enrichment,
well-established
paradigm
promotes
maturation,
failed
improve
performance
mice,
limited
capacity
interventions
reducing
deficits
after
birth.
Altogether,
our
study
first
time
identifies
potential
circuit
mechanisms
population
highlights
vulnerability
advanced
onset
extrauterine
experience.
