Abstract
The
thalamus
has
extensive
cortical
connections
and
is
an
integrative
hub
for
cognitive
functions
governing
social
behavior.
This
study
examined
(1)
associations
between
thalamocortical
resting‐state
functional
connectivity
(RSFC)
behavior
in
children
(2)
how
various
executive
function
(EF)
subdomains
mediate
the
association
RSFC
Children
from
autism
brain
imaging
data
exchange
(ABIDE)
initiative
with
neuroimaging,
behavioral,
demographic
were
included
our
(age
<
14,
ASD;
n
=
207,
typically
developing;
259).
Thalamocortical
was
communication
interaction
(SCI)
scores
(SRS;
responsiveness
scale)
using
Spearman's
rank‐order
correlation,
first
ASD
then
developing
children.
followed
by
a
more
granular
analysis
at
thalamic
subregion
level.
We
mediating
roles
of
eight
EF
(
139).
Right
thalamus‐default
mode
network
(DMN)
significantly
associated
SCI
ρ
0.23,
p
FDR
0.012),
primarily
driven
medial
0.22,
0.013),
ventral
0.17,
0.036),
intralaminar
0.036)
subregions.
Cognitive
flexibility
(ACME
0.13,
unc
0.016)
emotional
control
0.08,
0.020)
mediated
right
thalamus‐DMN
scores.
provided
novel
insights
into
level,
providing
higher
levels
precision
brain‐behavior
mapping.
emotion
regulation
highlighted
as
potential
targets
to
ameliorate
downstream
effects
altered
improve
outcomes
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(6), С. 114355 - 114355
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Beliefs—attitudes
toward
some
state
of
the
environment—guide
action
selection
and
should
be
robust
to
variability
but
sensitive
meaningful
change.
Beliefs
about
volatility
(expectation
change)
are
associated
with
paranoia
in
humans,
brain
regions
responsible
for
beliefs
remain
unknown.
The
orbitofrontal
cortex
(OFC)
is
central
adaptive
behavior,
whereas
magnocellular
mediodorsal
thalamus
(MDmc)
essential
arbitrating
between
perceptions
policies.
We
assessed
belief
updating
a
three-choice
probabilistic
reversal
learning
task
following
excitotoxic
lesions
MDmc
(n
=
3)
or
OFC
compared
performance
that
unoperated
monkeys
14).
Computational
analyses
indicated
double
dissociation:
MDmc,
not
OFC,
were
erratic
switching
behavior
heightened
(as
humans),
increased
lose-stay
reward
rates.
Given
consilience
across
species
models,
these
results
have
implications
understanding
paranoia.
Cell Reports Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(11), С. 101802 - 101802
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024
Highlights•Developed
a
task
to
interrogate
allocating
attention
with
conflicting
inputs•People
schizophrenia
are
more
susceptible
inputs•Right
MD-dlPFC
functional
connectivity
as
readout
for
conflict-related
executive
deficitSummaryExecutive
dysfunction
is
prominent
feature
of
and
may
drive
core
symptoms.
Dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
(dlPFC)
deficits
have
been
linked
dysfunction,
but
mechanistic
details
critical
treatment
development
remain
unclear.
Here,
capitalizing
on
recent
animal
circuit
studies,
we
develop
predicted
engage
human
dlPFC
its
interactions
the
mediodorsal
thalamus
(MD).
We
find
that
individuals
exhibit
selective
performance
when
guided
by
cues.
Task
correlates
lateralized
connectivity,
identifying
neural
predicts
susceptibility
conflict
during
working
memory
in
larger
independent
cohort.
In
healthy
subjects
performing
probabilistic
reversal
task,
this
network
switching
behavior.
Overall,
our
three
experiments
introduce
putative
biomarkers
function
highlight
studies
inspiration
clinically
relevant
readouts.Graphical
abstract
Abstract
Value-based
decision-making
involves
weighing
costs
and
benefits.
The
activity
of
the
medial
prefrontal
cortex
reflects
cost–benefit
assessments,
mediodorsal
thalamus,
reciprocally
connected
with
cortex,
has
increasingly
been
recognized
as
an
active
partner
in
decision-making.
However,
specific
role
interaction
between
thalamus
regulating
neuronal
underlying
how
benefits
influence
remains
largely
unexplored.
We
investigated
this
by
training
rats
to
perform
a
self-determined
task,
where
longer
nose
poke
durations
resulted
correspondingly
larger
rewards.
Our
results
showed
that
inactivation
either
or
significantly
impaired
rat
invest
more
duration
for
Moreover,
optogenetic
stimulation
thalamus–medial
pathway
enhanced
rats’
motivation
rewards,
whereas
inhibition
decreased
motivation.
Notably,
we
identified
population
neurons
exhibited
firing
patterns
correlated
motivation,
these
were
modulated
projection.
These
findings
suggest
during
is
encoded
primarily
particular
indicate
crucial
maintaining
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 25, 2024
Working
memory
is
essential
for
cognition,
facilitating
the
temporary
maintenance
and
manipulation
of
information
to
produce
goal-directed
behavior.
While
both
cortical
subcortical
structures
are
involved,
their
precise
roles
interactions
not
fully
understood.
To
investigate
this,
we
simultaneously
recorded
neural
activity
from
frontal
parietal
cortex,
higher-order
thalamic
nuclei,
core
basal
ganglia
during
color
spatial
working
tasks
in
non-human
primates.
We
found
widespread
yet
differential
encoding
information,
marked
by
area-specific
temporal
dynamics
modulation
according
task
demands.
Both
increased
towards
memory-dependent
actions,
suggesting
a
task-specific
reloading
information.
Directed
between
regions
were
extensive
reciprocal,
with
dominant
directions
flow,
especially
frontoparietal
areas.
These
dynamically
modulated
partially
specific.
Our
findings
provide
comprehensive
insights
into
large-scale
circuit
underlying
primate
suggest
that
flexible
behavior
relies
on
selective
processing
task-relevant
within
information-specific
cortico-subcortical
networks.
Current Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
34(15), С. 3473 - 3487.e6
Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024
Animals
must
simultaneously
select
and
balance
multiple
action
contingencies
in
ambiguous
situations:
for
instance,
evading
danger
during
feeding.
This
has
rarely
been
examined
the
context
of
information
selection;
despite
corticothalamic
pathways
that
mediate
sensory
attention
being
relatively
well
characterized,
neural
mechanisms
filtering
conflicting
actions
remain
unclear.
Here,
we
develop
a
new
loom/feed
test
to
observe
conflict
between
naturally
induced
fear
feeding
identify
novel
anterior
cingulate
cortex
(ACC)
output
ventral
lateral
thalamus
(VA/VL)
adjusts
selectivity
these
innate
actions.
Using
micro-endoscopy
fiber
photometry,
reveal
activity
corticofugal
outputs
was
lowered
unbalanced/singularly
occupied
periods,
as
were
resulting
decreased
thalamic
initiation-related
signals
less-favored
actions,
suggesting
integration
ACC-thalamic
firing
may
directly
regulate
behavior
choices.
Accordingly,
optoinhibition
ACC-VA/VL
circuits
high
bias
toward
at
expense
defense.
To
upstream
"commander"
cortical
cells
gating
this
output,
established
dual-order
tracing
(DOT)-translating
ribosome
affinity
purification
(TRAP)-a
scheme
label
neurons
with
transcriptome
analysis-and
found
population
neurotensin-positive
interneurons
(ACC
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2024
The
mediodorsal
thalamus
(MD)
and
adjacent
midline
nuclei
are
important
for
cognition
mental
illness,
but
their
cellular
composition
is
not
well
defined.
Using
single-nucleus
spatial
transcriptomics,
we
identified
a
conserved
excitatory
neuron
gradient,
with
distinct
mapping
of
individual
clusters.
One
end
the
gradient
was
expanded
in
human
MD
compared
to
mice,
which
may
be
related
expansion
granular
prefrontal
cortex
hominids.
Moreover,
neurons
preferentially
onto
parvocellular
division
were
associated
genetic
risk
schizophrenia
bipolar
disorder.
Midbrain-derived
inhibitory
interneurons
enriched
implicated
major
depressive
