Bird’s Eye View of Artificial Intelligence in Neuroscience
AI in neuroscience.,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
1(1), С. 16 - 41
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Changes in the Relationship Between Gray Matter, Functional Parameters, and Quality of Life in Patients with a Post-Stroke Spastic Upper Limb After Single-Event Multilevel Surgery: Six-Month Results from a Randomized Trial
Diagnostics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(8), С. 1020 - 1020
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025
Introduction:
Advanced
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
techniques
in
neuroplasticity
evaluations
provide
important
information
on
stroke
disease
and
the
underlying
mechanisms
of
neuronal
recovery.
It
has
been
observed
that
gray
matter
density
or
volume
brain
regions
closely
related
to
motor
function
can
be
a
valuable
indicator
response
treatment.
Objective:
To
compare
structural
MRI-evaluated
changes
patients
with
post-stroke
upper
limb
spasticity
for
>1
year
between
those
undergoing
surgery
treated
botulinum
toxin
A
(BoNT-A)
relate
these
findings
quality
life
outcomes.
Materials
Methods:
Design.
two-arm
controlled
randomized
clinical
trial
spasticity.
Participants.
Thirty
spastic
limbs.
Intervention.
Participants
were
randomly
assigned
(1:1
allocation
ratio)
(experimental
group)
treatment
BoNT-A
(control
group).
Main
outcome
measures.
The
functional
parameters
analyzed
Fugl-Meyer,
Zancolli,
Keenan,
House,
Ashworth,
pain
visual
analogue,
hospital
anxiety
depression
scales.
Quality
was
evaluated
using
SF-36
Newcastle
stroke-specific
carer
burden
questionnaire
also
applied.
Clinical
examinations
MRI
scans
performed
at
baseline
six
months
post-intervention.
Correlations
volume/thickness
predictors
interest
examined
across
groups.
Results:
Five
excluded
due
presence
intracranial
implants.
Eleven
from
analyses
since
they
late
dropouts.
Changes
experimental
group
but
not
control
group.
Between
months,
augmented
hippocampus
gyrus
rectus
cortical
thickness
increased
frontal
pole,
occipital
gyrus,
insular
cortex,
indicating
anatomical
key
areas
behavioral
adaptation
These
significantly
subjective
pain,
Ashworth
scale,
scores,
marginally
score.
Conclusions:
analysis
by
revealed
differences
sequelae
different
therapies.
Gray
measurements
showed
significant
improvements
Volume
associated
sensory
functions,
suggesting
neuroprotective
regenerative
effect
surgery.
Язык: Английский
A hierarchical active inference model of spatial alternation tasks and the hippocampal-prefrontal circuit
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024
Cognitive
problem-solving
benefits
from
cognitive
maps
aiding
navigation
and
planning.
Physical
space
involves
hippocampal
(HC)
allocentric
codes,
while
abstract
task
engages
medial
prefrontal
cortex
(mPFC)
task-specific
codes.
Previous
studies
show
that
challenging
tasks,
like
spatial
alternation,
require
integrating
these
two
types
of
maps.
The
disruption
the
HC-mPFC
circuit
impairs
performance.
We
propose
a
hierarchical
active
inference
model
clarifying
how
this
solves
interaction
tasks
by
bridging
physical
task-space
Simulations
demonstrate
model's
dual
layers
develop
effective
for
space.
alternation
through
reciprocal
interactions
between
layers.
Disrupting
its
communication
decision-making,
which
is
consistent
with
empirical
evidence.
Additionally,
adapts
to
switching
multiple
rules,
providing
mechanistic
explanation
supports
effects
disruption.
How
interact
when
executing
not
fully
understood.
This
paper
models
hippocampal-prefrontal
circuits
memory-guided
taskspace.
Язык: Английский
Predictive Coding of Reward in the Hippocampus
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024
Abstract
A
fundamental
objective
of
the
brain
is
to
anticipate
future
outcomes
1–7
.
This
process
requires
learning
states
world
as
well
transitional
relationships
between
those
states.
The
hippocampal
cognitive
map
believed
be
one
such
internal
model
8
However,
evidence
for
predictive
coding
9–12
and
reward
sensitivity
13–19
in
neuronal
representation
suggests
that
its
role
extends
beyond
purely
spatial
representation.
In
fact,
it
raises
question
what
kind
most
useful
maximizing
rewards?
Here,
we
track
evolution
over
weeks
mice
learn
solve
a
cognitively
demanding
reward-based
task.
Our
findings
reveal
highly
organized
restructuring
representations
during
process.
Specifically,
found
multiple
lines
evidence,
both
at
population
single-cell
levels,
becomes
weeks.
Namely,
population-level
information
about
percentage
reward-tuned
neurons
decrease
time.
At
same
time,
animals’
choice
approach
period
(the
reward)
increased
By
tracking
individual
cells
across
sessions,
initially
tuned
shifted
their
tuning
towards
periods,
indicating
backpropagate
with
experience.
These
underscore
dynamic
nature
representations,
highlighting
critical
through
prediction
outcomes.
Язык: Английский
Transformers and cortical waves: encoders for pulling in context across time
Trends in Neurosciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Flexible Learning and Re-ordering of Context-dependent Object Sequences in Nonhuman Primates
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2024
Intelligent
behavior
involves
mentally
arranging
learned
information
in
novel
ways
and
is
particularly
well
developed
humans.
While
nonhuman
primates
(NHP)
will
learn
to
arrange
new
items
complex
serial
order
re-arrange
neighboring
within
that
order,
it
has
remained
contentious
whether
they
are
capable
re-assign
more
flexibly
non-adjacent
positions.
Such
mental
re-indexing
facilitated
by
inferring
the
latent
temporal
structure
of
experiences
as
opposed
learning
chains
item-item
associations.
Here,
we
tested
ability
for
flexible
rhesus
macaques.
Subjects
serially
five
objects.
A
change
background
context
indicated
when
object
changed,
probing
subjects
objects
positions
structure.
successfully
used
cue
pro-actively
re-index
new,
Mental
was
likely
initial
had
been
at
a
higher
level,
improved
with
experience
rule
correlated
working
memory
performance
delayed
match-to-sample
task.
These
findings
suggest
NHPs
inferred
beyond
chaining
associations
The
pattern
results
indicates
form
non-spatial
cognitive
maps
their
experiences,
which
hallmark
operations
many
ordered
behaviors
including
communication,
counting
or
foraging.
Язык: Английский