The Alteration of Microglial Calcium Homeostasis in Central Nervous System Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

Neuroglia, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(4), С. 410 - 444

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2024

Microglia, the unique and motile immune cells of central nervous system (CNS), function as a security guard in maintaining CNS homeostasis, primarily through calcium signaling. The dynamics microglia control important functions such phagocytosis, cytokine release, migration. Calcium dysregulation has been linked to several disorders, like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), ischemic stroke (IS). entering channels voltage-gated (VGCCs), store-operated entry (SOCE), transient receptor potential (TRP) is essential for microglial activation pro-inflammatory responses. Under pathological conditions, formation amyloid-β plaques AD, aggregation α-synuclein PD, oxidative stress MS, exacerbates neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration. Therapeutic strategies targeting signaling pathways, using channel blockers antioxidant interventions, show promise alleviating slowing down progression. This review summarizes underlying mechanisms therapeutic benefits restoring balance disorders.

Язык: Английский

Research progress on brain network imaging biomarkers of subjective cognitive decline

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 19

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Purpose Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an early manifestation of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum, and accurately diagnosing SCD to differentiate it from neurotypical aging in older adults a common challenge for researchers. Methods This review examines summarizes relevant studies regarding neuroimaging AD comprehensively outlines clinical features characterizing along with corresponding changes involving structural, functional, metabolic networks. Results The characteristics include subjective self-perceived function, there are significant imaging changes, such as reductions gray matter volume certain brain regions, abnormalities integrity white tracts diffusion metrics, alterations functional connectivity between different sub-networks or within networks, well networks cerebral blood flow perfusion. Conclusion 147 referenced this paper indicate that exploring network related through aims enhance goals mission science development programs: “Understanding Brain,” “Protecting “Creating thereby strengthening researchers’ investigation into mechanisms function. Early diagnosis SCD, prompt intervention, can reduce incidence spectrum while improving patients’ quality life, even integrating numerous scientific research achievements unified established standards applying them practice by doctors, thus all encouraging researchers further investigate issues adults.

Язык: Английский

Oligomer sensitive in-situ detection and characterization of gold colloid aggregate formations observed within the hippocampus of the Alzheimer’s disease rat

Neuroscience Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 138218 - 138218

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский