Neuroplasticity and Pain Perception: Exploring the Complexities of Temporomandibular Disorders

Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2025

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are prevalent conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and associated structures, leading to pain, restricted movement, noises. These multifactorial in origin, involving structural, functional, psychological components. This review delves into neurophysiological mechanisms of pain perception TMDs, focusing on peripheral central processes, including role neural plasticity chronic pain. Peripheral involve nociceptors TMJ, activated by inflammatory mediators, mechanical stress, tissue damage, sensitization, driven factors such as cytokines neuropeptides, enhances nociceptor sensitivity, contributing states. The trigeminal nerve is pivotal transmitting nociceptive information nervous system (CNS), with C-fibers A-delta fibers involved perception. Central a hallmark involves neuroplastic changes CNS, wind-up long-term potentiation (LTP), enhancing facilitating persistence. Neuroplasticity, both peripheral, plays critical development includes synaptic alterations brain connectivity, which were observed functional imaging studies TMD patients. upregulation ion channels neurotransmitters, sustaining signals. Additionally, neuroimmune interactions between microglia, astrocytes, pathways integral sensitization. Understanding these crucial for developing effective treatments targeting processes. Emerging therapies, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel blockers modulators, offer new avenues managing emphasizing need multifaceted treatment approach.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental enrichment for neuropathic pain via modulation of neuroinflammation

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

Neuropathic pain causes tremendous biological and psychological suffering to patients worldwide. Environmental enrichment (EE) is a promising non-pharmacological strategy with high cost-effectiveness reduce neuropathic support rehabilitation therapy. Three researchers reviewed previous studies determine the efficacy of EE for research how improves through neuroinflammation. For this review, Embase, PubMed, Cochran were searched. authors did study selection data extraction. Out 74 papers, 7 met inclusion criteria. In chronic constriction injury rats acute or detrimental stimulation, change behavior was influenced by environmental settings like start time, cage size. Besides, physical has larger effect than socially in inflammatory pain. These articles suggest employing various regulate release pain-causing substances changes ion channels peripheral central nerves improve depression anxiety conditions. The existing proof provides important knowledge upcoming preclinical investigations practical use clinical treatment. This analysis aids advancement improved approaches managing pain, focus on internal mechanisms controlling

Язык: Английский

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The neuroplastic brain: current breakthroughs and emerging frontiers

Brain Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 149643 - 149643

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Neuroadaptation in neurodegenerative diseases: compensatory mechanisms and therapeutic approaches

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 139, С. 111375 - 111375

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025

Язык: Английский

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