Journal of Anatomy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
244(3), С. 527 - 536
Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023
Abstract
Corticotropin‐releasing
hormone
(CRH)
neurons
are
densely
distributed
in
the
medial
prefrontal
cortex
(mPFC),
which
plays
a
crucial
role
integrating
and
processing
emotional
cognitive
inputs
from
other
brain
regions.
Therefore,
it
is
important
to
know
neural
afferent
patterns
of
mPFC
CRH
neurons,
still
unclear.
Here,
we
utilized
rabies
virus‐based
monosynaptic
retrograde
tracing
system
map
presynaptic
afferents
throughout
entire
brain.
The
results
show
that
receive
three
main
groups
regions:
(1)
cortex,
primarily
orbital
somatomotor
areas,
anterior
cingulate
cortex;
(2)
thalamus,
anteromedial
nucleus,
mediodorsal
thalamic
central
nucleus;
(3)
regions,
basolateral
amygdala,
hippocampus,
dorsal
raphe
nucleus.
Taken
together,
our
valuable
for
further
investigations
into
roles
normal
neurological
disease
states.
These
can
shed
light
on
various
aspects
such
as
processing,
modulation,
motivation,
sociability,
pain.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
1536(1), С. 13 - 41
Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2024
Abstract
With
age,
parasympathetic
activity
decreases,
while
sympathetic
increases.
Thus,
the
typical
older
adult
has
low
heart
rate
variability
(HRV)
and
high
noradrenaline
levels.
Younger
adults
with
this
physiological
profile
tend
to
be
unhappy
stressed.
Yet,
emotional
experience
tends
improve.
Why
does
adults’
well‐being
not
suffer
as
their
HRV
decreases?
To
address
apparent
paradox,
I
present
autonomic
compensation
model.
In
model,
failing
organs,
initial
phases
of
Alzheimer's
pathology,
other
age‐related
diseases
trigger
noradrenergic
hyperactivity.
compensate,
brains
increase
regulatory
in
pregenual
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC).
Age‐related
declines
nerve
conduction
reduce
ability
PFC
hyperactive
peripheral
HRV.
But
these
efforts
have
a
significant
impact
brain,
where
they
bias
processing
favor
stimuli
that
(e.g.,
feelings
safety)
against
threatening
stimuli).
summary,
model
posits
chronic
sympathetic/noradrenergic
hyperactivity
stimulates
attempts
side
effect
enhancing
well‐being.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(4), С. 3907 - 3907
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023
Adolescent
exposure
to
cannabinoids
as
a
postnatal
environmental
insult
may
increase
the
risk
of
psychosis
in
subjects
exposed
perinatal
insult,
suggested
by
two-hit
hypothesis
schizophrenia.
Here,
we
hypothesized
that
peripubertal
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(aTHC)
affect
impact
prenatal
methylazoxymethanol
acetate
(MAM)
or
THC
(pTHC)
adult
rats.
We
found
MAM
and
pTHC-exposed
rats,
when
compared
control
group
(CNT),
were
characterized
phenotype
relevant
schizophrenia,
including
social
withdrawal
cognitive
impairment,
revealed
interaction
test
novel
object
recognition
test,
respectively.
At
molecular
level,
observed
an
cannabinoid
CB1
receptor
(Cnr1)
and/or
dopamine
D2/D3
(Drd2,
Drd3)
gene
expression
prefrontal
cortex
which
attributed
changes
DNA
methylation
at
key
regulatory
regions.
Interestingly,
aTHC
treatment
significantly
impaired
behavior,
but
not
performance
CNT
groups.
In
pTHC
did
exacerbate
altered
nor
dopaminergic
signaling,
while
it
reversed
deficit
rats
modulating
Drd2
Drd3
expression.
conclusion,
our
results
suggest
effects
depend
on
individual
differences
related
neurotransmission.
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
30(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
Abstract
Aims
Chronic
alcohol
exposure
leads
to
persistent
neurological
disorders,
which
are
mainly
attributed
neuroinflammation
and
apoptosis.
Stimulator
of
IFN
genes
(STING)
is
essential
in
the
cytosolic
DNA
sensing
pathway
involved
inflammation
cellular
death
processes.
This
study
was
examine
expression
pattern
biological
functions
STING
signaling
use
disorder
(AUD).
Methods
Cell‐free
extracted
from
human
mouse
plasma.
C57BL/6J
mice
were
given
by
gavage
for
28
days,
behavior
tests
used
determine
their
mood
cognition.
Cultured
cells
treated
with
ethanol
24
hours.
The
agonist
DMXAA,
inhibitor
C‐176,
STING‐siRNA
intervene
STING.
qPCR,
western
blot,
immunofluorescence
staining
assess
signaling,
inflammation,
Results
Circulating
cell‐free
mitochondrial
(mtDNA)
increased
individuals
AUD
chronically
exposed
alcohol.
Upregulation
under
led
inflammatory
responses
BV2
apoptosis
PC12
cells.
DMXAA
exacerbated
alcohol‐induced
cognitive
impairment
activation
microglia,
neuroinflammation,
medial
prefrontal
cortex
(mPFC),
while
C‐176
exerted
neuroprotection.
Conclusion
Activation
played
an
role
mPFC.
identifies
as
a
promising
therapeutic
target
AUD.
Journal of Alzheimer s Disease,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2025
Background
Hippocampal
atrophy
is
linked
to
memory
and
cognitive
deficits,
preceding
clinical
diagnosis
of
mild
impairment
(MCI)
by
decades.
Morphometry
changes
in
the
hippocampal
formation
(HF)
their
relationship
tau
deposition
non-demented
individuals
remains
unclear.
Objective
To
investigate
morphometry
HF
association
with
a
cohort.
Methods
Eighty-three
subjects
from
Alzheimer's
Disease
Neuroimaging
Initiative
(ADNI)
underwent
T1-weighted
MRI
Tau-PET
scans
at
baseline
longitudinal
follow-up.
Participants
were
divided
into
amyloid-negative
(Aβ−)
amyloid-positive
(Aβ+)
groups.
volume/thickness
measured,
associations
temporal
regions
examined
using
multivariable
linear
regression.
Results
No
significant
was
found
between
for
Aβ−
group.
For
Aβ+
group,
thickness
significantly
associated
entorhinal
cortex
(ERC)
both
hemispheres,
pole,
inferior
temporal,
middle
right
hippocampi
follow
up
scans,
while
no
scans.
It
interesting
that
there
strong
ERC
pole
left
hippocampi,
hemisphere
ERC,
regions.
Conclusions
may
precede
symptoms,
adjacent
contributing
changes.
The
appears
more
vulnerable
than
left,
indicating
hemispheric
differences
pathology.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
19
Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2025
Background
Schizophrenia
is
a
prevalent
mental
illness
characterized
by
complex
behavioral
and
emotional
disturbances,
with
its
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
yet
to
be
fully
elucidated.
Aim
This
study
aims
examine
the
neuroprotective
effects
of
Palmaria
palmata
(
p
.)
on
cognitive
function
in
schizophrenia
mouse
model.
Methods
A
total
28
adult
male
SWR
Swiss
mice
were
used
over
30-day
period.
The
animals
randomly
divided
into
four
groups
(n
=
7):
control,
cuprizone
(CPZ)
(0.2%
CPZ
chow),
+
p.
(600
μg/kg
bw/day
via
gavage),
alone.
antioxidant
activity
was
assessed
using
radical
scavenging
assay.
Behavioral
assessments,
hippocampal
(HC)
frontal
cortex
(FC)
gene
expression
analyses,
histopathological
evaluations
conducted.
Results
demonstrated
remarkable
against
CPZ-induced
oxidative
stress.
No
notable
observed
spatial
memory,
novel
object
recognition
test
(NORT),
or
anxiety-related
behaviors.
In
CPZ-treated
group,
Iba1
CREB
levels
increased
both
hippocampus
(FC).
reduced
approximately
one-fold
HC
two-fold
FC,
while
decreased
regions
compared
indicating
attenuation
neuroinflammation
restoration
neuroplasticity.
Immunohistochemical
analysis
revealed
decline
CD4
following
administration,
suggesting
decrease
immunological
response
induced
CPZ.
Conclusion
results
highlight
potential
enhance
neuroplasticity
reduce
neuronal
inflammation
associated
schizophrenia.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024
Estimating
dynamic
network
communication
is
attracting
increased
attention,
spurred
by
rapid
advancements
in
multi-site
neural
recording
technologies
and
efforts
to
better
understand
cognitive
processes.
Yet,
traditional
methods,
which
infer
from
statistical
dependencies
among
distributed
recordings,
face
core
limitations:
they
do
not
model
interactions
a
biologically
plausible
way,
neglect
spatial
information
the
setup,
yield
predominantly
static
estimates
that
cannot
capture
changes
brain.
To
address
these
issues,
we
introduce
graph
diffusion
autoregressive
model.
Designed
for
field
potential
our
combines
vector
autoregression
with
process
produce
high-resolution
signal.
We
successfully
validated
on
simulated
activity
recordings
subdural
intracortical
micro-electrode
arrays
placed
macaque
sensorimotor
cortex
demonstrating
its
ability
describe
dynamics
induced
optogenetic
stimulation,
resting
state
communication,
trial-by-trial
variability
during
reach
task.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(5), С. 114124 - 114124
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024
High-penetrance
mutations
affecting
mental
health
can
involve
genes
ubiquitously
expressed
in
the
brain.
Whether
specific
patterns
of
dysfunctions
result
from
ubiquitous
circuit
deficits
or
might
reflect
selective
vulnerabilities
targetable
subnetworks
has
remained
unclear.
Here,
we
determine
how
loss
fragile
X
retardation
protein
(FMRP),
cause
syndrome,
affects
brain
networks
Fmr1y/-
mice.
We
find
that
wild-type
mice,
area-specific
knockout
FMRP
adult
mimics
behavioral
consequences
silencing.
By
contrast,
functional
axis
linking
ventral
hippocampus
(vH)
to
prelimbic
cortex
(PreL)
is
selectively
affected
constitutive
A
chronic
alteration
late-born
parvalbumin
interneuron
across
vH-PreL
rescued
by
VIP
signaling
specifically
accounts
for
theta-band
network
coherence,
ensemble
assembly,
and
learning
functions
Therefore,
function
exhibits
a
vulnerability
vH
PreL,
leading
memory
