Carbon‐Based Radar Absorbing Materials toward Stealth Technologies

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(32)

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2023

Abstract Stealth technology is used to enhance the survival of military equipment in field surveillance, as it utilizes a combination techniques render itself undetectable by enemy radar systems. Radar absorbing materials (RAMs) are specialized reduce reflection (or absorption) signals provide stealth capability, which core component passive countermeasures applications. The properties RAMs can be optimized adjusting their composition, microstructure, and surface geometry. Carbon‐based present promising approach for fabrication ultrathin, versatile, high‐performance due large specific area, lightweight, excellent dielectric properties, high electrical conductivity, stability under harsh conditions. This review begins with brief history an introduction electromagnetic waves, systems, materials. followed discussion recent research progress carbon‐based RAMs, including carbon blacks, fibers, nanotubes, graphite, graphene, MXene, along in‐depth examination principles strategies on attenuation characteristics. Hope this will offer fresh perspectives design thereby fostering deeper fundamental understanding promoting practical

Язык: Английский

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Multifunctional MXene/C Aerogels for Enhanced Microwave Absorption and Thermal Insulation

Nano-Micro Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2023

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXene) have emerged as promising candidates for microwave absorption (MA) materials. However, they also some drawbacks, such poor impedance matching, high self-stacking tendency, density. To tackle these challenges, MXene nanosheets were incorporated into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers subsequently assembled a three-dimensional (3D) network structure through PAN carbonization, yielding MXene/C aerogels. The 3D effectively extends the path of microcurrent transmission, leading to enhanced conductive loss electromagnetic (EM) waves. Moreover, aerogel's rich pore significantly improves matching while reducing density MXene-based absorbers. EM parameter analysis shows that aerogels exhibit minimum reflection (RLmin) value - 53.02 dB (f = 4.44 GHz, t 3.8 mm), an effective bandwidth (EAB) 5.3 GHz (t 2.4 mm, 7.44-12.72 GHz). Radar cross-sectional (RCS) simulations employed assess radar stealth effect aerogels, revealing maximum RCS reduction perfect electric conductor covered by aerogel reaches 12.02 m2. In addition MA performance, demonstrates good thermal insulation 5-mm-thick can generate temperature gradient over 30 °C at 82 °C. This study provides feasible design approach creating lightweight, efficient, multifunctional

Язык: Английский

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Interfacial Polarization Loss Improvement Induced by the Hollow Engineering of Necklace‐like PAN/Carbon Nanofibers for Boosted Microwave Absorption

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Abstract Rational manipulation of composition and microstructure design is recognized as an effective pathway to realize multifunctional high‐performance microwave absorber. In this work, necklace‐like hollow polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/carbon nanofibers are designed constructed through a simple continuous electrospinning‐carbonization‐etching route. Specifically, by varying the carbonization temperature, ratio PAN carbon content PAN/carbon can be effectively regulated, resulting in tunable electromagnetic parameters conductive loss capacities. After that, structure further introduced improve feature lightweight, impedance‐matching characteristics, interfacial polarization ability. Accordingly, exhibited frequency bandwidth 6.60 GHz minimum reflection −44.73 dB at 1.76 mm. Both experimental theoretical simulation results indicated that obtained possessed high chemical stability excellent absorbing performance, endowing them candidates for absorbers extreme conditions. Therefore, findings not only offered rationally manipulate but also provided novel technique make most engineering strengthening interface loss.

Язык: Английский

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Defect and interface engineering in core@shell structure hollow carbon@MoS2 nanocomposites for boosted microwave absorption performance

Nano Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(9), С. 7778 - 7787

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Design and advanced manufacturing of electromagnetic interference shielding materials

Materials Today, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 66, С. 245 - 272

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2023

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is critical in electronic applications. However, the currently available EMI materials are restricted customizability and application flexibility. Recent advances manufacturing technologies have provided a unique path to achieve custom creation of solutions. A successful example additive (AM), which has enabled high design freedom, efficient performance regulation, multifunctionality simultaneously into fabricated shields, offering an opportunity start revolution field shielding. In this review, we summarize latest AM materials, aiming provide deep understanding connection between raw methods, considerations, performances shields. We first introduce mechanism subsequently focusing on characteristics representative methods as-created Based requirements create application-oriented solutions, these also critically compared. Thereafter, present state-of-the-art considerations shields examine pivotal roles realizing designs. conclude by discussing future research directions, at motivating use developments

Язык: Английский

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Balancing MXene Surface Termination and Interlayer Spacing Enables Superior Microwave Absorption

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(34)

Опубликована: Май 22, 2023

Abstract Surface chemistry and interlayer engineering determines the electrical properties of 2D MXene. However, it remains challenging to regulate surface interfacial MXene simultaneously. Herein, simultaneous modulation Ti 3 C 2 T x termination layer spacing by alkali treatment are achieved. The electromagnetic investigated in detail with respect KOH ammonia concentration dependence. A high caused expand 13.7 Å O/F ratio increase 33.84. Because its weaker ionization effect, provides finer tuning compared drastic intercalation a thorough sweeping F‐containing groups. is enriched conductive ‐OH after treatment, which achieves an effective balance increased resistance. Therefore, NH H O‐Ti broad‐band impedance matching exhibits efficient microwave loss −49.1 dB at low thickness 1.7 mm, frequency bandwidth 3.9 GHz. results herein optimize using achieve broad absorption, providing framework for enhancing wave intrinsic

Язык: Английский

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Advancements in Microwave Absorption Motivated by Interdisciplinary Research

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(4)

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2023

Abstract Microwave absorption materials (MAMs) are originally developed for military purposes, but have since evolved into versatile with promising applications in modern technologies, including household use. Despite significant progress bench‐side research over the past decade, MAMs remain limited their scope and yet to be widely adopted. This review explores history of from first‐generation coatings second‐generation functional absorbers, identifies bottlenecks hindering maturation. It also presents potential solutions such as exploring broader spatial scales, advanced characterization, introducing liquid media, utilizing novel toolbox (machine learning, ML), proximity lab end‐user. Additionally, it meticulously compelling medicine, mechanics, energy, optics, sensing, which go beyond efficiency, along current development status prospects. interdisciplinary direction differs previous primarily focused on meeting traditional requirements (i.e., thin, lightweight, wide, strong), can defined next generation smart absorbers. Ultimately, effective utilization ubiquitous electromagnetic (EM) waves, aided by third‐generation MAMs, should better aligned future expectations.

Язык: Английский

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Catfish Effect Induced by Anion Sequential Doping for Microwave Absorption

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(8)

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2022

Abstract Heteroatom doping engineering is desirable in tuning crystal structures and electrical properties, which considered an opportunity to further develop microwave absorption materials. However, the competition mechanism priority among doped atoms have not been revealed, are insufficient guide most reasonable dielectric coupling model design high‐performance absorbers. In this work, based on situ N O, ex S introduced through external thermal driving, leading fierce anions. Specifically, replace pyrrole N, drive out lattice create O vacancies, bringing more extensive local charge redistribution stronger electron interaction, thus activating defect‐induced polarization (3–6 times higher than conduction loss) middle/high‐frequency region. Therefore, effective bandwidth (EAB) of 9.03 GHz minimum reflection loss ( RL min ) −64.05 dB at a filling rate 10 wt.% obtained, improves record carbon absorbers as reported. Through macro‐designs, i.e., multi‐layer gradient metamaterial, or utilizing other advantages, e.g., cost‐effective, stable chemical properties wide‐angle absorption, porous may possess great application prospect naval field.

Язык: Английский

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Tuning microwave absorption properties of Ti3C2T MXene-based materials: Component optimization and structure modulation

Journal of Material Science and Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 148, С. 150 - 170

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Sequential Architecture Induced Strange Dielectric‐Magnetic Behaviors in Ferromagnetic Microwave Absorber

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(27)

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Abstract The high filler loading (FL) is a bottleneck in developing lightweight ferromagnetic microwave absorbers (MAs) for the actual applications. Sequential architecture design of MAs can induce strange physical behaviors due to unique coupling‐enhancement effect between functional units, providing vast potential achieving absorption performance. However, FLs current sequential fail be designed on demand because dielectric‐magnetic cannot fulfilled. influence engineering macroscopic properties or microscopic loss mechanism still needs more exploration. Herein, based four mesoscopic models (particles, chains, bundles, and fibers) series with different architectures are prepared via bottom‐up self‐assembly method. fibrous samples exhibit best performance (−51.3 dB, 4.12 GHz) at breakthrough FL 2 wt%, which one order magnitude less than other MAs. Strange behaviors, including negative permittivity heterodromous chiral vortex, occur units lateral configurations. Further, special established reveal attenuation evolutionary mechanism. This study clarifies relationship provides new sight understand electromagnetic

Язык: Английский

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