Geopolymer-Based Stabilization of Heavy Metals, the Role of Chemical Agents in Encapsulation and Adsorption: Review

Polymers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(5), С. 670 - 670

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the role chemical agents in enhancing performance geopolymers for stabilization and adsorption heavy metals. Geopolymers, synthesized from aluminosilicate sources activated under alkaline conditions, are recognized their versatile structural environmental benefits, including low carbon emissions high resistance. Their unique Si-O-Al framework supports both stabilization/solidification (S/S) processes, making them an ideal polymeric matrix immobilization hazardous metals contaminated environments. The categorizes metal mechanisms into physical encapsulation, ion exchange, hydroxide precipitation, complexation, depending on specific species geopolymer formulation. introduction stabilizing agents, such as dithiocarbamate, sodium sulfide, trimercaptotriazine, significantly improves encapsulation efficacy by promoting targeted reactions stable complexes. These enable effective S/S metals, lead, cadmium, chromium, reducing leachability impact. In addition to solid waste management applications, have shown promising capabilities aqueous contaminants, with modifications further increasing affinity evaluates impact different synthesis conditions overall immobilization, highlighting advances applications future research directions sustainable treatment.

Язык: Английский

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A review on metakaolin-based porous geopolymers

Applied Clay Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 258, С. 107490 - 107490

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Response Surface Method-Driven Design of Experiments for the Synthesis of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers in the Gallic Acid Optimized Removal from Wastewater

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100703 - 100703

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Geopolymers in nuclear waste storage and immobilization: mechanisms, applications, and challenges

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2025

According to the latest report by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), nuclear facilities generate over 30 tons of high-level radioactive waste and 300,000 medium-level annually, highlighting need for secure immobilization methods safeguard environmental public health. Cementitious materials such as ordinary Portland cement (OPC) other are commonly employed engineered barriers long-term containment in both surface underground geological repositories. However, recent studies show that geopolymer (GP), a novel class cementitious materials, exhibit superior performance immobilizing contaminants with reported compressive strength exceeding 50 MPa leach rates cesium strontium ions reduced 95% compared OPC based barriers. This paper provides comprehensive review application GPs immobilization. First, influence various parameters on geopolymerization is analyzed. Examples then provided highlight differences between solid liquid waste. Additionally, mechanisms involved stabilizing cations anions described. The also discusses early developments use GP-based tunnel linings storage cells. Despite their promising advantages, challenges associated GPs, standardization difficulties due variability raw material sources inconsistencies strength, explored. particularly significant it valuable insights into better understanding immobilization, explores they face, uncovers some gaps current research.

Язык: Английский

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Toward Sustainable Radioactive Waste Management: Geopolymerization of Sewage Sludge Ash as a Viable Solution

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

This study examines the geopolymerization potential of sewage sludge ash (SSA) for immobilizing radioactive waste through a series experimental phases. The initial phase involved processing from three different treatment plants, followed by calcination and subsequent characterization. synthesis geopolymers was conducted using 100% SSA, compressive strength testing. In second phase, full factorial design employed to optimize metakaolin-based geopolymer formulation, with adjustments made five variables: metakaolin (MK), activating solution (AS), sand, water, lime. optimal conditions were identified as 120 g MK, 125 AS, 360 55 14.5 Under these conditions, increased 15.0 ± 1.0 21.3 0.6 MPa when specimens cured at 60 °C 6 h. optimized formulation then augmented its characteristics examined analytical techniques, including ICP-OES, XRF, XRD, SEM, EDS. third study, immobilization simulated activated carbon ion-exchange resin wastes contaminated 137Cs within matrix investigated. Leaching tests evaluate performance material, results indicated that release rates between 2.55 × 10-5 3.23 cm d-1. These findings suggest SSA-derived can effectively immobilize waste, offering sustainable alternative traditional Portland cement.

Язык: Английский

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Research on safe disposal technology and progress of radioactive nuclear waste

Nuclear Engineering and Design, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 435, С. 113934 - 113934

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Mechanical performance of geopolymers under the influence of radioactive ions, pore size, and cracks based on molecular dynamics and peridynamics

Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 14

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Comparative assessment of calcium aluminate cement and potassium-metakaolin-based geopolymer as binders in high-alumina refractories

Cerâmica, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 71

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Abstract This investigation demonstrated the effects of calcium aluminate cement’s total or partial replacement with a potassium-metakaolin-based geopolymeric binder (K-GP) in high-alumina castables. Experimental measurements were conducted to analyze produced samples’ processing, microstructure, and properties after curing firing (800-1400 °C). The results highlighted K-GP as viable option for producing cement-free refractories. After at 1100-1400 °C, improved geopolymer-bonded refractories attributed their complex resultant comprising alumina particles strongly adhered by glassy phase contained randomly distributed clusters kaliophilite and/or leucite grains within ceramic matrix. 1250 samples exhibited promising set properties: high thermal shock resistance, modulus rupture 17.01 MPa, Young’s 67.15 GPa, porosity 16.85%, density 2.87 g/cm³, linear shrinkage 0.33%. These are suitable applications intermediate temperatures (i.e., petrochemical non-ferrous industries).

Язык: Английский

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Solidification/stabilization of fly ash contaminated with radiocesium into geopolymers

Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES), Год журнала: 2025, Номер 34(1), С. 55 - 72

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

The main goal of this work was to evaluate the possibilities solidifying fly ashes contaminated with 137Cs into geopolymer waste forms. In first step, physico-chemical characterization ash originating from thermal power plant in Vojany (Slovak Republic) carried out. Before preparation forms (ternary mixture Geocem, GEOFIX, s.r.o., Slovak containing at percentage weight proportions 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%, artificially a 137CsCl solution. activity measured by scintillation gamma-spectrometry. leachability test conducted according American National Standard ANSI/ANS-16.1-1986 over five days showed that contents 10% 20% met required index limits values more than 6. compressive strength also confirmed samples 40% content did not meet 5 MPa limit for their disposal as radioactive waste.

Язык: Английский

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Immobilization of Radioactive Spent Zeolites in Glass Composite Matrix: A Combined Design of Experiment Approach

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2025

Язык: Английский

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