Biopolymer‐Based Flame Retardants and Flame‐Retardant Materials

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

Abstract Polymeric materials featuring excellent flame retardancy are essential for applications requiring high levels of fire safety, while those based on biopolymers highly favored due to their eco‐friendly nature, sustainable characteristics, and abundant availability. This review first outlines the pyrolysis behaviors biopolymers, with particular emphasis naturally occurring ones derived from non‐food sources such as cellulose, chitin/chitosan, alginate, lignin. Then, strategies chemical modifications flame‐retardant purposes through covalent, ionic, coordination bonds presented compared. The is placed advanced methods introducing biopolymer‐based retardants into polymeric matrices fabricating materials. Finally, challenges sustaining current momentum in utilization further discussed.

Язык: Английский

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An Overview of Flame‐Retardant Materials for Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Future Applications

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Abstract Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained significant attention for ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. As the applications of TENG devices expand, their safety and reliability becomes priority, particularly where there is risk fire or spontaneous combustion. Flame‐retardant materials can be employed address these concerns without compromising performance efficiency TENGs. The primary focus this review on flame‐retardant materials, including polymers, biomaterials, liquid aerogels, carbon‐based materials. fundamental properties are elucidated. characteristics each material type described, along with potential boost importance flame retardancy in advancing technology projected from its usage wearable electronics, self‐powered sensors, smart textiles. Current challenges such as compatibility, fabrication complexity, environmental addressed, proposed strategies overcoming them. This underscores significance strengthening functionality devices, paving way widespread adoption across various industries.

Язык: Английский

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Experimental Investigation of Fire—Technical Characteristics of Selected Flame Retardants for the Protection of Wooden Structures

Coatings, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 193 - 193

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

This study evaluates selected flame retardants on the basis of their influence change fire-technical parameters soft and hard woods (spruce oak) during exposure to a heat source. The evaluated were mass loss, loss rate depth charred layer. experiments carried out simple test equipment which samples exposed direct while was monitored. measured data statistical evaluation showed significant dependence type retardant used (inorganic salt-based retardant—IS intumescent retardant—IFR) wood species. In spite same reaction fire class specified by manufacturers for both types studied, differences observed in layer reached much lower values when using IFR retardant, whose efficiency higher order tens percent compared use IS retardant. reduced oak up 84% untreated samples, indicating its high effectiveness potential increase resistance wooden structures. These results show that IFRs are more effective studied ISs despite equal fire, may have wider implications construction industry highlight need thorough based performance under real-world conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Waterborne Intumescent Fire-Retardant Polymer Composite Coatings: A Review

Polymers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(16), С. 2353 - 2353

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024

Intumescent fire-retardant coatings, which feature thinner layers and good decorative effects while significantly reducing heat transfer air dispersion capabilities, are highly attractive for fire safety applications due to their effective prevention of material combustion protection materials. Particularly, the worldwide demand improved environmental requirements has given rise production waterborne intumescent polymer composite comparable or provide more advantages than solvent-based coatings in terms low cost, reduced odor, minimal health hazards. However, there is still a lack comprehensive in-depth overview coatings. This review aims systematically comprehensively discuss composition, flame retardant insulation mechanisms, practical Finally, some key challenges associated with highlighted, following future perspectives opportunities proposed.

Язык: Английский

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Fumed Silica Enhances the Flame Retardancy of Ammonium Polyphosphate/Urea/Di‐Pentaerythritol Doped Silicone Acrylic Emulsion Coating

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

ABSTRACT In this study, a new intumescent flame‐retardant coating based on silicone‐acrylic emulsion is prepared using KH550‐modified fumed silica, ammonium polyphosphate, urea, and di‐pentaerythritol. The cone calorimeter (CC) test demonstrates that 0.50 wt% silica significantly improves the flame retardancy of coating. Compared with without reduces total heat release (THR) from 18.00 to 16.38 MW m −2 , retardant index (FRI) increases 1.00 2.03. Fumed enhances strength residues, as demonstrated by binding force compression curves other tests. yield compressive residues increase 91.26% 94.12%, respectively. Moreover, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis shows thermal stability pyrolysis kinetic analysis, three‐stage deceleration function (F 3 ) selected function. activation energy ( E α 155.28 234.86 kJ mol −1 at 370°C–410°C. above conclusions show has great potential improve provides strategy for expanding research field coatings.

Язык: Английский

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Techno-economic Assessment of the Industrial-Scale Production of Epoxidized Kraft Lignin for Adhesives or Coatings

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

Lignin is an abundantly available biopolymer and as such has emerging potential for utilization in value-added applications. The designed industrial-scale process utilizes equipment that currently use on industrial scale, which favors the scale-up of process. A novel model Aspen Plus provides mass energy balances production main processing steps are lignin solution preparation, epoxidation reaction, solvent separation, recycling, product recovery. itself produces a negligible amount waste no greenhouse gas emissions. emissions utility depend source fall close to zero if green used. recycling rates unreacted solvents over 99%, it possible biobased Efficient key parameter profitability minimum selling price epoxidized kraft was estimated 0.68 €/kg when produced plant integrated with existing pulp mill or biorefinery. This research shows technically economically feasible current adhesive coatings markets.

Язык: Английский

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Tagua Powder as a Bio-Based Filler for Waterborne Acrylic Coatings: Enhancing Performances and Sustainability

Surfaces, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(1), С. 20 - 20

Опубликована: Март 16, 2025

The increasing demand for sustainable materials in the coatings industry is driving replacement of synthetic components with bio-based alternatives. In this study, Tagua powder, derived from seeds Phytelephas macrocarpa, was incorporated as a filler waterborne acrylic-based coating to evaluate its effects on abrasion and protective properties. Two different particle size ranges (40–63 µm ≤40 µm) concentrations (1 wt% 3 wt%) were tested. Morphological analyses confirmed homogeneous dispersion within matrix, larger particles inducing surface roughness. results demonstrated that addition powder significantly improved resistance, containing µm), reducing mass loss by 24.5% after 1000 Taber cycles compared reference coating. However, due lignocellulosic nature, increased water uptake, leading decrease barrier Coatings exhibited reduction electrochemical impedance modulus approximately one order magnitude 670 h immersion 3.5 NaCl solution, indicating lower corrosion protection. Despite this, performance filiform resistance remained comparable reference, suggesting does not critically affect adhesion These findings highlight potential functional filler, offering enhanced mechanical durability while requiring strategic design, such multilayer system, mitigate moisture sensitivity. This study provides valuable insights into development environmentally friendly wear resistance.

Язык: Английский

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Intumescent flame retardants with simple ionic structure are used in vinyl ester resin

Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 136814 - 136814

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Bi-Layered, Ultrathin Coating Initiated Relay Response to Impart Superior Fire Resistance for Polymeric and Metallic Substrates

Nano-Micro Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2025

Abstract Developing high-efficient flame-retardant coatings is crucial for fire safety polymer and battery fields. Traditional intumescent ceramifiable struggle to provide immediate prolonged protection simultaneously, which limits the applicability. To address this, an innovative bi-layered coating with organic/nano-inorganic additives inspired by differential response behaviors, enabling relay effect both fast-acting extended protection. Specifically, two layers function continuously in form of a relay. With mere 320 microns, withstands temperatures up 1400 °C at least 900 s. Consequently, effective prevented burn through aluminum plates glass fabric-reinforced epoxy resin, otherwise were burned 135 173 s, respectively. Meanwhile, suppressed formation decomposition solid interface layer lithium soft-package batteries, leading electrochemical stability safety. Additionally, fast endows polyurethane foam rapid self-extinguishing, preventing ignition even under exposure strong °C. Shortly, our work offers new insights into design development thin, high-performance, multi-application coatings.

Язык: Английский

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Preparation and Application of a Urea–Formaldehyde-Blended Guanidinium Azole–Phytic Acid–Copper Flame-Retardant Resin Coating

Polymers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(23), С. 3366 - 3366

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2024

In this study, environmentally friendly flame retardants capable of efficient retardancy at low concentrations in wood were developed. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and guanidinium azole (GZ)-phytate (PA)-copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)

Язык: Английский

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