A better use of fertilizers is needed for global food security and environmental sustainability

Agriculture & Food Security, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Март 23, 2023

Abstract The massive use of fertilizers during the last decades allowed a great increase in global capacity food production. However, years, several studies highlight inefficiency and country asymmetries these that generated environmental problems, soil nutritional imbalances not optimal We have aimed to summarize this information identify disentangle key caveats should be solved. Inadequate management fertilization produces areas with serious nutrient deficits croplands linked insufficient access clearly limit production, are overfertilized consequent problems pollution affecting human health. A more efficient nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) potassium (K) for security while preserving environment is thus needed. Nutrient imbalances, particularly disequilibrium N:P ratio due unbalanced release N P from anthropogenic activities, mainly by crop expanding N-fixing crops continuously increased ratio, another issue resolve. This imbalance has already affected terrestrial aquatic ecosystems, altering their species composition functionality threatening biodiversity. different economic geopolitical traits three main macronutrient must considered. fewest reserves, depending mostly on mineable efforts, most reserves concentrated very few countries (85% Morocco). problem concern current near-future low-income countries. instead readily available well-established relatively low-cost Haber–Bosch synthesis ammonium atmospheric 2 , which increasingly used, even some producing an increasing ratios application K fertilizers. inputs macronutrients reached levels natural fluxes, thereby substantially cycles. case excess especially paradigmatic world, where continental water sources become useless higher nitrate concentrations. N, center dichotomy between environmentally driven such as climate change or eutrophication/pollution. Such role demands new legislation adopting well-known common-sense 4R principle (right source at right rate, time place) would help ensure appropriate resources optimization productivity.

Язык: Английский

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Challenges and solutions to biodiversity conservation in arid lands

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 857, С. 159695 - 159695

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Impact of aridity rise and arid lands expansion on carbon‐storing capacity, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem services

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Drylands, comprising semi‐arid, arid, and hyperarid regions, cover approximately 41% of the Earth's land surface have expanded considerably in recent decades. Even under more optimistic scenarios, such as limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C by 2100, semi‐arid lands may increase up 38%. This study provides an overview state‐of‐the‐art regarding changing aridity arid with a specific focus on its effects accumulation availability carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) plant–soil systems. Additionally, we summarized impacts rising biodiversity, service provisioning, feedback climate change across scales. The expansion ecosystems is linked decline C nutrient stocks, plant community biomass diversity, thereby diminishing capacity for recovery maintaining adequate water‐use efficiency plants microbes. Prolonged drought led −3.3% reduction soil organic (SOC) content (based 148 drought‐manipulation studies), −8.7% decrease litter input, −13.0% absolute decomposition, −5.7% decomposition rate. Moreover, substantial positive loop warming exists, primarily due increased albedo. loss critical ecosystem services, including food production water resources, poses severe challenge inhabitants these regions. Increased reduces SOC, nutrient, content. Aridity intensification exacerbate socio‐economic disparities between economically rich least developed countries, significant opportunities improvement through investments infrastructure technology. By half world's landmass become dryland, characterized conditions marked limited C, N, P scarcity, native species biodiversity. These pose formidable challenges essential impacting human well‐being raising complex regional socio‐political challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Phosphorus additions imbalance terrestrial ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(24), С. 7353 - 7365

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2022

Abstract Carbon (C):nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in plants, soils, and microbial biomass influences productivity nutrient cycling terrestrial ecosystems. Anthropogenic inputs of P to ecosystems are increasing; however, our understanding the impacts addition on ecosystem C:N:P ratios remains elusive. By conducting a meta‐analysis with 1413 paired observations from 121 publications, we showed that significantly decreased plant, soil, N:P C:P ratios, but had negligible effects C:N ratios. The reductions became more evident as application rates experimental duration increased. did not vary types or climates. Moreover, responses soil were associated pH fungi:bacteria Additionally, additions increased net primary productivity, biomass, respiration, N mineralization, nitrification, ammonium nitrate contents. Decreases plant both negatively correlated positively contents; contents, contents all declining Our findings highlight could imbalance potentially impact functions.

Язык: Английский

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Unravelling the dependence of a wild bee on floral diversity and composition using a feeding experiment

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 820, С. 153326 - 153326

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2022

We investigated nutrition as a potential mechanism underlying the link between floral diversity/composition and wild bee performance. The health, resilience, fitness of bees may be limited by lack nutritionally balanced larval food (pollen), influencing entire population, even if adults are not availability quality their (mainly nectar). hypothesized that nutritional is indirectly connected to species diversity pollen provisions directly driven composition. Therefore, accessibility specific, desirable key plant for larvae might promote populations. Using fully controlled feeding experiment, we simulated different resources could available in various environments, reflecting changes composition caused landscape changes. Suboptimal concentrations certain nutrients produced specific resulted reduced fitness. negative effects were alleviated when scarce added these diets. scarcity was associated with but diversity. Thus, one mechanisms decreased homogenous landscapes imbalance, i.e., presence eaten larvae. Accordingly, provide conceptual representation how can impact populations affecting fitness-related life history traits. Additionally, suggest mixes 'bee-friendly' plants used improve base should composed considering local flora supplement vital considered environment.

Язык: Английский

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C:N:P stoichiometry of plants, soils, and microorganisms: Response to altered precipitation

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(24), С. 7051 - 7071

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2023

Precipitation changes modify C, N, and P cycles, which regulate the functions structure of terrestrial ecosystems. Although altered precipitation affects above- belowground C:N:P stoichiometry, considerable uncertainties remain regarding plant-microbial nutrient allocation strategies under increased (IPPT) decreased (DPPT) precipitation. We meta-analyzed 827 observations from 235 field studies to investigate effects IPPT DPPT on stoichiometry plants, soils, microorganisms. reduced leaf C:N ratio, but root N:P ratios reflecting stronger decrease compared with N mobility in soil drought. microbial biomass C (+13%), (+15%), (26%), whereas (-12%) ratio. The plant leaves were more sensitive medium than because drought content, particularly humid areas. responses did not fit double asymmetry model a positive negative extreme DPPT. Soil microorganisms DPPT, they IPPT, consistent model. maintained stoichiometric homeostasis, plants follow that soils In conclusion, specific communities as well availability critically mediate by need be considered prediction ecosystem cycling future climate change scenarios.

Язык: Английский

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Warming effects on C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation in terrestrial ecosystems

Soil and Tillage Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 235, С. 105896 - 105896

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Strigolactones can be a potential tool to fight environmental stresses in arid lands

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 229, С. 115966 - 115966

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Patterns and drivers of plant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry in a novel riparian ecosystem

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry serve as valuable indices for plant nutrient utilization biogeochemical cycling within ecosystems. However, the allocation of these nutrients among different organs underlying drivers in dynamic riparian ecosystems remain inadequately understood. In this study, we gathered samples from diverse life forms (annuals perennials) (leaves, stems, roots) zone Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) China—a novel ecosystem subject to winter flooding. We used random forest analysis structural equation modeling find out how flooding, forms, communities, soil variables affect C, N, P levels. Results showed that mean concentrations TGRR were 386.65, 19.31, 5.27 mg/g leaves respectively, 404.02, 11.23, 4.81 stems 388.22, 9.32, 3.27 roots respectively. The C:N, C:P N:P ratios 16.15, 191.7 5.56 respectively; 26.98, 273.72 4.6 16.63, 223.06 4.77 Riparian plants exhibited limitation, with weak carbon sequestration, low efficiency, a high capacity uptake. Plant C:N:P was significantly across organs, higher N than roots, annuals perennials. While flooding stress triggered distinct responses annual perennial plants, they maintained similar stoichiometric along gradients. Furthermore, our investigation identified properties more influential factors communities shaping variations organs. Flooding indirectly impacts primarily through alterations community composition factors. This study underscores potential hydrologic changes influence dynamics, further alter ecological strategies

Язык: Английский

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Examining the stoichiometry of C:N:P:K in the dynamics of foliar-litter-soil within dominant tree species across different altitudes in southern China

Global Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 51, С. e02885 - e02885

Опубликована: Март 5, 2024

Ecological stoichiometry assessment provides insight into the interactions between foliar-litter-soil dynamics among dominant tree species and facilitates their conservation. However, little research has been carried out on such trends within mixed forest ecosystems in national nature reserves globally. The present study fills this knowledge gap by examining ecological of at various altitudes desirable southern China. This concentrates six representative plant communities, each pivotal maintaining carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) balances, along with energy flows. selected communities encompass two plantations comprising Cunninghamia lanceolata Phyllostachys edulis four natural forests, including evergreen broad-leaved (Manglietia conifera), deciduous (Daphniphyllum macropodum Acer davidii), consisting Fagus longipetiolata, coniferous (Tsuga chinensis). Furthermore, involved measurement C, N, P, K contents foliage, litter, soil. outcomes revealed significant variations foliar, soil stoichiometric attributes across communities. Correlation analysis highlighted substantial positive associations N P foliar litter components, while exhibited insignificance. Broad-leaved forests generally displayed higher leaf compared to forests. exceptions observed content M. conifera D. F. longipetiolata. high-altitude T. chinensis one highest ratios. Notably, demonstrated richness but deficiency K, impacting growth limiting availability. Additionally, low hindered decomposition. nutrient ratios other nutrients remained relatively stable except for C: which were consistent homeostasis theory. These findings provide scientific evidence cycle regulation, ecosystem protection, valuable insights complex relationships

Язык: Английский

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