Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 65(5), С. 1204 - 1225

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2023

Orchidaceae (with >28,000 orchid species) are one of the two largest plant families, with economically and ecologically important species, occupy global diverse niches primary distribution in rainforests. Among orchids, 70% grow on other plants as epiphytes; epiphytes contribute up to ~50% diversity rainforests provide food shelter for animals microbes, thereby contributing health these ecosystems. Orchids account over two-thirds vascular an excellent model studying evolution epiphytism. Extensive phylogenetic studies subgroups have ;been crucial understanding relationships among many lineages, although some uncertainties remain. For example, subfamily Epidendroideae nearly all epiphytic tribes subtribes still controversial, hampering evolutionary analyses Here we obtained 1,450 low-copy nuclear genes from 610 including 431 newly generated transcriptomes, used them reconstruction robust trees highly supported placements subtribes. We also generally well-supported 131 genera 437 species that were not sampled by previous plastid phylogenomic studies. Molecular clock estimated origin at ~132 million years ago (Ma) divergences most 52 29 Ma. Character supports least 14 parallel origins epiphytism; such was placed recent common ancestor ~95% orchids linked modern Ten occurrences rapid increase diversification rate detected within near after K-Pg boundary, ~80% diversity. This study provides a family-wide tree thus far new insights into epiphytism plants.

Язык: Английский

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Food security and economic resilience of wild snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina subsp. Cucumerina) under different host trees in subtropical managed forests

Agroforestry Systems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 99(5)

Опубликована: Май 3, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Progress in systematics and biogeography of Orchidaceae

Plant Diversity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(4), С. 425 - 434

Опубликована: Май 16, 2024

Orchidaceae are one of the largest families angiosperms in terms species richness. In last decade, numerous studies have delved into reconstructing phylogenetic framework Orchidaceae, leveraging data from plastid, mitochondrial and nuclear sources. These provided new insights systematics, diversification biogeography establishing a robust foundation for future research. Nevertheless, pronounced controversies persist regarding precise placement certain lineages within these frameworks. To address discrepancies deepen our understanding structure we provide comprehensive overview analysis focusing on contentious groups since 2015, delving discussions underlying reasons observed topological conflicts. We also novel at subtribal level. Furthermore, examine tempo mode orchid diversity perspective historical biogeography, highlighting factors contributing to extensive speciation. Ultimately, delineate avenues research aimed enhancing phylogeny diversity.

Язык: Английский

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Microclimatic variation in tropical canopies: A glimpse into the processes of community assembly in epiphytic bryophyte communities

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(12), С. 3023 - 3038

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2022

Abstract Epiphytic communities offer an original framework to disentangle the contributions of environmental filters, biotic interactions and dispersal limitations community structure at fine spatial scales. We determine here whether variations in light, microclimatic conditions host tree size affect variation species composition phylogenetic epiphytic bryophyte communities, hence, assess contribution filtering, constraints competition assembly. A canopy crane giving access 1.1 ha tropical rainforest Yunnan (China) was employed record hourly light from 54 dataloggers 408 plots. Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling implemented analyse relationship between taxonomic turnover among host‐tree characteristics variation. Within‐tree vertical significantly about 30% higher than horizontal among‐trees. Thus, sharp base are more important differences age, reflecting likelihood colonization, area, habitat young old trees, shaping communities. Our models, which factors contributed most (83–98%), accounted for 33% 18% mosses liverworts, respectively. Phylogenetic shifted negative or non‐significant within positive slightly, but significantly, correlated with These patterns highlight crucial role microclimates determining Synthesis. The mostly observed does not support idea that plays bryophytes. Instead, is main driver structure, evidencing niche conservatism

Язык: Английский

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Interactions between epiphytes during canopy soil formation: an experiment in a lower montane cloud forest of southeast Mexico

Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(3), С. 468 - 477

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023

In several montane forests around the world, epiphytes coexist in mats, sharing rhizosphere and forming histosol-type soils rich nutrients. The role of these formation canopy soil fitness costs that face when cohabiting mats are unknown. a lower cloud forest central Veracruz, Mexico, 2-year factorial experiment was carried out with presence/absence ramets Phlebodium areolatum (Polypodiaceae), Tillandsia kirchhoffiana, T. multicaulis punctulata (Bromeliaceae). We examined (i) which epiphyte species contribute to soil, (ii) composition nutrient composition, (iii) faced by cohabiting. Canopy highest P. is present. Soil content does not change influenced microbiota, P decreases presence epiphytes. show compete, decreasing their survival growth, but competitive capacity differs between species. conclude an ecosystem engineer promotes creation poor competitor. results coincide model succession facilitation. slow-created component whose depend on epiphytic flora. dominant interactions competitive, there also

Язык: Английский

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Experimental evidence of climate change extinction risk in Neotropical montane epiphytes

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024

Abstract Climate change is conjectured to endanger tropical species, particularly in biodiverse montane regions, but accurate estimates of extinction risk are limited by a lack empirical data demonstrating species’ sensitivity climate. To fill this gap, studies could match high-quality distribution with multi-year transplant experiments. Here, we conduct field surveys epiphyte distributions on three mountains Central America and perform reciprocal experiments one mountain across sites that varied elevation, temperature aridity. We find most species unable survive outside their narrow elevational distributions. Additionally, our findings suggest starkly different outcomes from conditions expected 2100 under climate scenarios. Under temperatures associated low-emission scenarios, will survive, emission scenarios moderately high, 5-36% study may go extinct 10-55% populations be lost. Using test tolerances large experiment, paired detailed multiple mountains, work strengthens earlier conjecture about risks wide-spread extinctions ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Urban greenery in Brno: is it sufficient for the growth of epiphytic fruticose lichens?

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Epiphytic fruticose lichens are not typical organisms for cities. They sensitive to air pollution, which is higher in urban areas. Lichens therefore used as bioindicators. Each lichen has different requirements living, so it would be good find out how many species of epiphytic occur the given city and environmental variables influence them most, apart from pollution. Therefore, these issues became main objectives this study. Brno was chosen several reasons, but mainly because there currently insufficient data on occurrence lichens. A total 30 sites were studied Brno, divided into three categories (forests, parks, orchards). The results show acceptable conditions growth six (Evernia prunastri, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Ramalina farinacea, Usnea dasopoga, hirta, subfloridana) Brno. These most commonly found fruit trees. Canopy openness amount dead wood locality had a statistically significant effect their growth.

Язык: Английский

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Direct and indirect effects of the epiphyte Tillandsia recurvata (Bromeliaceae) on the growth of three of its phorophytes: A greenhouse experiment

Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025

Abstract It is assumed that commensalistic and amensalistic relationships describe the interactions between epiphytes their phorophytes. However, several correlational studies suggest these can be antagonistic (structural parasitism) or mutualistic. The few field experiments showed contradictory outcomes did not control for branch age (being older branches with epiphytes). To test effect of epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia recurvata on growth phorophytes, we performed a 1‐year greenhouse experiment using three phorophyte species. In these, natural abundance T. differed. We used 2‐year‐old plants Ipomoea murucoides 1‐year‐old sibling saplings Bursera copallifera B . fagaroides Each individual was randomly subjected to presence in crown (30% cover free) planted litter soil. found no I. For B. , T structural parasite because reduced shoot survival when added present but increased soil, which had strong positive effect. Our evidence shows relationship its phorophytes cannot generalized. Effect depends also importance resolving ideas impact grown into forest suggesting indirect through soil more important.

Язык: Английский

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Persistent Habitat Instability and Patchiness, Sexual Attraction, Founder Events, Drift and Selection: A Recipe for Rapid Diversification of Orchids

Plants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(8), С. 1193 - 1193

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2025

Orchidaceae is one of the most species-rich families flowering plants, with current diversity having evolved within last 5 My. Patterns associated species richness and rapid diversification have been identified but not often evolutionary processes. We review frequently correlates suggest that processes rate by which they occur vary geographically are largely dependent on persistent pulses habitat instabilities, especially for epiphytes. Aggressive orogenesis creates fragmented habitats while global climatic cycles exacerbate ecological instabilities. The need repeated dispersal results in frequent founder events, sets stage allopatric via bouts genetic drift natural selection. allopatry requirement can be bypassed pollination systems involving flowers attracting pollinators through production sex signaling semiochemicals. drift-selection model diversification, coupled instability throughout geological time scales, likely components a multifactorial process leading to rapid, recent this family.

Язык: Английский

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Epibionts and Epiphytes in Seagrass Habitats: A Global Analysis of Their Ecological Roles

Sci, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7(2), С. 62 - 62

Опубликована: Май 8, 2025

Seagrass ecosystems support complex biological interactions that shape marine community structure and ecosystem functioning. Thanks to their structural complexity, they heterogeneous communities interact with associated benthic invertebrates fish populations, establishing relationships influence the performance fitness of involved organisms. This study, through a systematic review, investigated existing potential biotic between seagrasses epibionts–epiphytes on global scale. We created search string ran it in online databases Scopus Web Science, yielding total 62 final outcomes spanning from 1984 2024. Our results revealed both positive negative effects different among these habitat formers symbionts. The review showed most studied referred Posidonia oceanica (Delile, 1813) L. Zostera marina (Linnaeus, 1753), which provide refuge epiphytes epibionts. reviewed studies highlighted importance epiphytes, role seagrass growth, nutrient dynamics, implications for light absorption, while epibionts enhance canopy can protect predation, but drawbacks remain poorly understood. Understanding preserving intricate is critical ensuring long-term functionality resilience continuously changing environment.

Язык: Английский

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