Med, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(9), С. 583 - 590
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023
Язык: Английский
Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024
Environmental rhythms such as the daily light-dark cycle selected for endogenous clocks. These clocks predict regular environmental changes and provide basis well-timed adaptive homeostasis in physiology behavior of organisms. Endogenous are oscillators that based on positive feedforward negative feedback loops. They generate stable even under constant conditions. Since weak interactions between allow autonomous synchronization, coupling/synchronization provides self-organized physiological timing. Amongst most thoroughly researched circadian clock neurons mammals insects. comprise nuclear clockworks transcriptional/translational loops (TTFL) ∼24 h gene expression entrained to day-night cycle. It is generally assumed this TTFL clockwork drives all oscillations within cells, being any rhythm Instead current gene-based hierarchical model we here a systems view We suggest coupled system posttranslational loop (PTFL) oscillators/clocks run at multiple timescales governs adaptive, dynamic behavior. focus mammalian insect timescales. neuronal plasma membrane-associated signalosomes constitute specific PTFL localized but interlinked membrane potential intracellular messengers with frequencies. In each neuron multiscale form temporally structured oscillatory network common complex frequency-band comprising superimposed oscillations. Coupling oscillator/clock next level complexity an network. This systemic molecular cellular suggested cycles through homeostatic setpoints characteristic hallmark. propose mechanisms plasticity maintain stability these setpoints, whereas Hebbian enables switching via coupling factors, like biogenic amines and/or neuropeptides. reprogram new frequency, setpoint. Our novel hypothesis up experimental challenge.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
Neural Regeneration Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(2), С. 366 - 377
Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024
Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma, following growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings their development. This comprehensive review explores mechanisms investigates potential neuroprotective approaches, focusing on activation transcription EB. Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated promising outcomes EB-targeted strategies, such exercise, calorie restriction, rapamycin, metformin, in patients animal models these common diseases. The critically assesses role EB biology during aging, its effects, therapeutic disorders. impact is cell-specific, influencing metabolic reprogramming energy homeostasis neurons through regulation mitochondrial quality control nutrient-sensing pathways. In vascular endothelial cells, controls important processes, cell proliferation, tube formation, nitric oxide levels, thereby inner blood-retinal barrier, angiogenesis, microvasculature. Additionally, affects smooth muscle inhibiting calcification atherogenesis. pigment epithelial modulates functions autophagy, lysosomal dynamics, clearance lipofuscin, promoting photoreceptor survival regulating growth A expression involved neovascularization. These cell-specific significantly encompassing proteostasis, neuronal synapse plasticity, metabolism, microvasculature, inflammation, ultimately offering protection against emphasizes target Therefore, it imperative to obtain well-controlled direct experimental evidence confirm efficacy modulation diseases while minimizing adverse effects.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
Neuropsychologia, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 109165 - 109165
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)
Опубликована: Май 13, 2025
The study of retinal hemodynamics is pivotal for understanding both physiological and pathological conditions affecting the eye. Microcirculation in retina exhibits unique rheological properties flow dynamics compared to larger vessels. This computational investigates possible impact elevated blood lipids on vascular characteristics, focusing viscosity increases potential blockage effects. We utilized fluid solve incompressible Navier-Stokes equations an image-based vessel network under healthy conditions. Our findings reveal that arterial vessels have a higher average mainstream velocity than venous vessels, however, latter experience wall shear stress (WSS) those fine branch which are far away from optical disc. Notably, with more branches subjected greater WSS. Then, we simulated effect by increasing about 10-20%, led proportional rise Furthermore, explored may caused lipids, leading localized provides insights into hemodynamic alterations induced hyperlipidemia, highlighting importance considering systemic health parameters ocular disease research treatment.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Current Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(19), С. R1019 - R1036
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2023
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Annual Review of Vision Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(1), С. 377 - 402
Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2024
Synapse formation within the retinal circuit ensures that distinct neuronal types can communicate efficiently to process visual signals. Synapses thus form core of computations performed by circuit. Retinal synapses are diverse but be broadly categorized into multipartner ribbon and 1:1 conventional synapses. In this article, we review our current understanding cellular molecular mechanisms regulate functional establishment mammalian synapses, including role adhesion proteins, synaptic extracellular matrix cytoskeletal-associated activity-dependent cues. We outline future directions areas research will expand knowledge these mechanisms. Understanding regulators moderating synapse function not only reveals integrated developmental processes establish circuits, also divulges identity could engaged during disease degeneration.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Science Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(38)
Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2024
Changes in synaptic strength across timescales are integral to algorithmic operations of neural circuits. However, pinpointing loci that undergo plasticity intact brain circuits and delineating contributions circuit function remain challenging. The whole-mount retina preparation provides an accessible platform for measuring at specific synapses while monitoring circuit-level behaviors during visual processing ex vivo. In this review, we discuss insights gained from studies into the versatile roles short-term context-dependent functions. Plasticity single synapse level greatly expands algorithms common microcircuit motifs contributes diverse such as gain modulation, selective gating, stimulus-dependent excitatory/inhibitory balance. Examples retinal circuitry offer unequivocal support increases computational capacity hardwired circuitry.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Annual Review of Vision Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(1), С. 131 - 153
Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2023
Rod and cone photoreceptors degenerate in retinitis pigmentosa age-related macular degeneration, robbing the visual system of light-triggered signals necessary for sight. However, changes retina do not stop with photoreceptors. A stereotypical set morphological physiological changes, known as remodeling, occur downstream retinal neurons. Some aspects remodeling are homeostatic, structural or functional compensating partial loss inputs. other nonhomeostatic, corrupting information processing to obscure vision mediated naturally by surviving artificially vision-restoration technologies. In this review, I consider mechanism its consequences residual restored function; discuss role retinoic acid, a critical molecular trigger detrimental remodeling; strategies suppressing acid biosynthesis signaling therapeutic possibilities mitigating loss.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Current Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(3), С. R110 - R112
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
eNeuro, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(11), С. ENEURO.0297 - 23.2023
Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2023
Abstract Sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) are the final output from central arm of autonomic nervous system. Therefore, SPNs represent a crucial component sympathetic system for integrating several inputs before driving postganglionic (PGNs) in periphery to control end organ function. The mechanisms which establish and regulate baseline tone overall excitability PGNs poorly understood. also known as motoneurons (MNs) they arise same progenitor line somatic MNs that innervate skeletal muscles. Previously our group has identified rich repertoire homeostatic plasticity (HP) embryonic chick following vivo synaptic blockade. Here, using model system, we examined whether exhibit similar capabilities MNs. Indeed, found after 2-d reduction excitatory input, showed significant increase intracellular chloride levels, mechanism underlying GABAergic scaling this This form HP could therefore play role early establishment setpoint part Next, asked expressed targets SPNs, PGNs. In case blocked input (48-h treatment), or acutely ex , however neither treatment induced adjustments PGN excitability. We discuss differences capacity between peripheral
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1