Water,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(21), С. 3132 - 3132
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024
The
overall
goal
of
urban
water
supply
is
to
ensure
the
quality
from
source
tap.
As
“last
mile”,
building
system
(BWSS)
crucial
part
in
ensuring
tap
safety,
and
its
deteriorating
has
attracted
increasing
attention.
In
this
work,
we
provide
a
comprehensive
overview
pollution,
configuration,
purification
regulation
BWSSs,
with
focus
on
safety.
Periodic
usage
buildings
unique
feature
that
leads
intermittent
stagnation
reduced
residual
chlorine.
Biological
pollution
become
key
existing
studies
due
acute
effects
human
health,
compared
chronic
chemical
pollution.
For
new
systems,
risks
can
be
at
by
optimizing
pipe
materials
reasonable
layout.
It
recommended
introduce
secondary
disinfection
technologies,
as
they
are
important
for
biosecurity.
Moreover,
supervision
maintenance
basis
long-term
efficient
operation
BWSSs.
This
review
constructs
framework
controlling
deterioration
based
wholse
process,
which
instructive
design,
operation,
management
provides
relatively
clear
research
directions
improving
quality.
Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(20), С. 4996 - 4996
Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2024
Microbial
corrosion
is
the
deterioration
of
materials
associated
with
microorganisms
in
environments,
especially
oil-
and
gas-dominated
sectors.
It
has
been
widely
reported
to
cause
great
losses
industrial
facilities
such
as
drainage
systems,
sewage
structures,
food-processing
equipment,
oil
gas
facilities.
Generally,
bacteria,
viruses,
other
are
most
important
microbial
corrosion.
The
destructive
nature
these
differs
based
on
kind
bacteria
involved
mechanism.
Amongst
related
corrosion,
sulfate-reducing
(SRB)
be
common
harmful
bacteria.
detailed
mechanistic
explanations
relating
pipelines
by
discussed.
mechanism
showing
formation
pitting
cathodic
depolarization
also
reported.
current
review
provides
theoretical
information
for
control
protection
caused
how
new
eco-friendly
methods
could
explored.
Water,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(7), С. 956 - 956
Опубликована: Март 25, 2025
Ensuring
safe
drinking
water
is
a
global
priority,
with
pathogen
control
being
an
essential
aspect.
Chlorine
disinfection
widely
adopted
for
its
affordability
and
potent
antimicrobial
effects.
However,
certain
bacteria,
known
as
chlorine-resistant
bacteria
(CRB),
can
still
survive
in
systems
residual
chlorine,
posing
risks
to
quality
distribution
systems.
Their
emergence,
ironically,
be
partially
attributed
the
very
application
or
increased
dosage
of
chlorine
disinfectants
cases,
which
unintentionally
promoted
selection
adaptation
CRB
environment.
Despite
their
significance,
research
on
remains
fragmented,
few
systematic
reviews
bibliometric
analyses.
Thus,
this
study
addresses
gap
by
analyzing
1367
publications
(1984–2025)
regarding
supply
(DWSSs)
using
CiteSpace.
Important
aspects
including
typical
species,
potential
risks,
resistance
mechanisms,
inactivation
methods
are
reviewed.
Contributions
from
key
countries/institutions/journals/authors
also
examined.
More
importantly,
overlooked
issues
like
CRB’s
impact
taste
odor
(T&O)
molecular
mechanisms
highlighted.
The
identification
these
gaps
motivates
further
studies
hazards,
intrinsic
control,
would
hopefully
help
delivery
high-quality,
worldwide.
Polymers,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(19), С. 3872 - 3872
Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2023
The
inner
walls
of
the
drinking
water
distribution
system
(DWDS)
are
expected
to
be
clean
ensure
a
safe
quality
water.
Complex
physical,
chemical,
and
biological
processes
take
place
when
comes
into
contact
with
pipe
surface.
This
paper
describes
impact
leaching
different
compounds
from
supply
pipes
subsequent
risks.
Among
these
compounds,
there
heavy
metals.
It
is
necessary
prevent
metals
getting
DWDS.
Those
susceptible
impacting
delivered
population
either
by
dangerous
chemicals
or
enhancing
development
microorganism
growth
on
corrosion
process
materials,
scale
formation
mechanisms,
bacteria
formed
in
layers
discussed.
Water
treatment
materials
also
affect
composition.
Pipe
act
differently
flowing
stagnation
conditions.
Moreover,
they
age
(e.g.,
metal-based
subjected
while
polymer-based
have
decreased
mechanical
resistance)
enhanced
bacterial
film
formation.
dynamic
environment,
therefore,
models
that
used
must
consider
changes
occur
over
time.
Mathematical
modeling
complex
includes
description
time,
correlated
model
for
biofilm
disinfectants–corrosion
products
disinfectants–biofilm
interactions.
range
simple
longitudinal
dispersion
Monte
Carlo
simulations
3D
modeling.
review
helps
clarify
what
possible
sources
responsible
degradation.
Additionally,
it
gives
guidance
measures
needed
maintain
stable
quality.
The
inner
walls
of
drinking
water
distribution
system
(DWDS)
are
expected
to
be
clean
ensure
a
safe
quality
water.
In
reality,
complex
physical,
chemical
and
biological
processes
take
place
when
comes
into
contact
with
the
pipe
surface.
This
paper
describes
impact
leaching
different
compounds
from
supply
pipes
subsequent
risks.
Among
these
there
heavy
metals.
It
is
necessary
prevent
metals
get
DWDS.
Those
susceptible
delivered
population
either
by
dangerous
chemicals
or
enhancing
development
microorganism
growth
on
corrosion
process
materials,
scale
formation
mechanisms
bacteria
formed
in
layers
discussed.
Water
treatment
materials
also
affect
composition.
Pipes
act
differently
flowing
stagnation
conditions.
Also,
they
age
(e.g
metal
based
subjected
while
polymer
have
decreased
mechanical
resistance)
enhance
bacterial
film
formation.
review
helps
clarify
what
possible
sources
responsible
for
degradation.
it
gives
guidance
measures
that
needed
maintain
stable
quality.
ACS ES&T Water,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
4(4), С. 1668 - 1679
Опубликована: Март 21, 2024
In
this
study,
we
used
modeling
with
stochastic
demands
to
assess
free
chlorine
concentrations
in
premise
plumbing
systems.
Different
occupancy
scenarios
and
the
use
of
automated
purging
devices
at
fixtures
were
assessed.
Chlorine
highly
variable,
so
three
novel
metrics
proposed
temporal
distribution
residuals:
initial
for
each
use,
percentage
time
a
fixture
was
exposed
low
(below
0.1
mg/L),
durations
events.
Showers,
particularly
those
lower
occupancy,
often
had
near-zero
residuals.
The
residuals
below
mg/L
threshold
75%
one-person
household
but
only
55%
two-person
household.
12-h
scheduled
reduced
29%
Lower
water
supply,
smaller
pipes,
longer
service
pipes
resulted
substantially
median
fixtures.
choice
decay
coefficients
also
large
impact
on
chlorine.
Overall,
research
provides
new
methodology
quantify
variable
systems
impacts
devices.
Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
26(7), С. 1037 - 1059
Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024
Sandwich
pipes
are
widely
used
in
various
piping
applications
owing
to
their
exceptional
pressure
resistance
and
thermal
insulation
properties.
In
this
paper,
the
mechanical
properties
loading
performance
of
sandwich
made
polypropylene
material
have
been
investigated
under
different
conditions
including
lateral
axial
compression,
as
well
hydrostatic
internal
external
pressures.
For
purpose,
finite
element
models
with
designs
developed.
Material
determined
through
standard
experimental
tests,
validated
using
compression
experiments.
The
results
indicate
that
incorporating
annular
cores
thinner
thickness
greater
numbers,
along
a
thicker
inner
pipe
structure,
improves
its
performance.
