The
preparation
of
high-value
2,5-furandicarboxylic
acid
(FDCA)
from
biomass-based
platform
compound
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
(HMF)
is
an
important
synthetic
reaction,
as
the
resulting
FDCA
holds
promise
to
replace
terephthalic
produce
environmentally
friendly
polyester
materials.
However,
due
complex
tandem
nature
oxidation
HMF
FDCA,
which
involves
several
stable
intermediates,
efficient
conversion
and
achieving
a
high
yield
remain
challenging.
Herein,
catalyst
Co
SAs/NPs@N-CNTs
comprising
single
atoms
(Co
SAs)
alongside
nanoparticles
NPs)
supported
on
carbon
nanotubes
(CNTs)
was
synthesized.
exhibited
outstanding
catalytic
activity
for
selective
100%
94.2%
yield.
This
remarkable
performance
attributed
synergistic
effect
between
SAs
NPs.
Poisoning
treatment
experiments
indicated
that
served
active
sites,
while
NPs
did
not
directly
act
sites.
Instead,
merely
assisted
sidelines,
facilitating
into
various
intermediates
promoting
further
these
thereby
productivity.
strategy
offers
new
insights
designing
catalysts
reactions.
Polymers,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(5), С. 606 - 606
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
This
study
investigates
enhancing
polylactic
acid
(PLA)
by
incorporating
recycled
polycarbonate
(r-PC)
to
address
PLA's
inherent
brittleness
and
limited
thermal
stability.
Blends
with
varying
PLA/r-PC
ratios
(100:0
0:100)
were
prepared
using
an
internal
mixer,
r-PC
sourced
from
discarded
compact
discs.
The
thermogravimetric
analysis
(-A)
demonstrated
significant
improvements
in
the
degradation
onset
temperature
(T5
wt%)
increased
approximately
315
°C
for
pure
PLA
about
400
blends,
a
maximum
decomposition
(Tmax)
of
520
observed
r-PC.
char
residue
also
markedly,
1.35%
24.42%
r-PC,
indicating
enhanced
resistance.
Differential
scanning
calorimetry
(DSC)
revealed
considerable
reduction
crystallinity,
declining
68.17%
10.32%
10PLA90r-PC
blend,
indicative
disruption
crystalline
structure.
X-ray
diffraction
(XRD)
supported
these
findings,
showing
transition
predominantly
amorphous
structure
at
higher
contents.
Tensile
testing
highlighted
mechanical
achieved
through
blending.
While
exhibited
brittle
failure,
30PLA70r-PC
blend
displayed
plastic
deformation,
signifying
improved
toughness.
stress-strain
that
peak
toughness
8725
kJ/m3,
nearly
ten
times
than
924
kJ/m3
recorded
PLA.
However,
excessive
content
introduced
brittleness,
diminishing
dynamic
(DMTA)
broadening
glass
range,
Tg
shifting
61
141
r-PC-dominant
reflecting
phase
interactions
between
two
polymers.
Scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM)
morphological
changes;
high
contents,
separation
voids
observed,
leading
reduced
performance.
These
results
highlight
synergistic
potential
blending
biodegradability
r-PC's
superior
properties.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 10, 2025
Recent
plastic
flow
research
has
largely
focused
on
commodity
plastics
(PE,
PP,
PVC,
PS,
ABS),
yet
a
sizable
share
of
other
polymer
types
remains
understudied.
These
non-commodity
suffer
from
inconsistent
definitions,
complex
classifications,
and
data
gaps,
which
hinder
accurate
assessment
their
production,
use,
end-of-life
management.
This
study
develops
dynamic
material
analysis
to
investigate
12
key
"non-commodity"
in
China─including
PET,
PU,
seven
engineering
plastics,
three
thermosetting
plastics─and
addresses
these
knowledge
gaps.
Our
results
show
that
2022,
China
produces
approximately
85
million
tonnes
polymers,
volume
comparable
with
35%
used
products
the
remainder
non-plastic
applications
(e.g.,
fibers,
rubber).
PET
is
predominantly
employed
short-lifespan
packaging,
whereas
find
use
longer-lifespan
applications,
underscoring
need
for
targeted
recycling
strategies─particularly
chemical
PU
thermoset
products.
Revisiting
scope
"plastics"
using
scientific
criteria
can
help
mitigate
definitional
ambiguities
guide
more
effective
policymaking.
By
improving
availability
tracking
this
underexplored
category,
our
lays
groundwork
assessments
interventions
reduce
pollution.
Applied Surface Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
673, С. 160894 - 160894
Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2024
Chemical
recycling
of
polycarbonate
(PC)
recovers
valuable
chemicals
like
monomers
but
often
requires
catalysts
for
mild
reaction
conditions
and
high
conversion
rates.
This
study
explores
the
use
metal–organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
as
PC
methanolysis.
We
investigated
catalytic
activity
amine-containing
MOFs,
specifically
ZIF-8,
MAF-6,
UiO-66-NH2,
which
have
basic
active
sites
favouring
depolymerisation.
MOFs
were
characterised
using
X-ray
diffraction
(XRD),
Fourier-transform
infrared
spectroscopy
(FTIR),
scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM),
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
(BET)
analysis.
examined
effects
temperature,
catalyst
content,
time
on
efficiency
also
conducted
post-synthetic
modification
(PSM)
MOF-5
to
assess
its
performance
in
Methanolysis
yielded
bisphenol
A
(BPA)
dimethyl
carbonate
(DMC),
with
rates
confirmed
by
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
(NMR).
MOF
significantly
enhanced
compared
reactions
without
catalysts,
ZIF-8
MAF-6
achieving
nearly
100%
conversion.
PSM
ethylenediamine
(ED)
led
increased
Additionally,
MOF-based
recovered
reused
up
three
cycles.
Advanced Energy Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(45)
Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2024
Abstract
The
market
for
polycarbonate
(PC),
a
versatile
material,
is
growing
rapidly.
Despite
its
widespread
use
in
many
applications,
poor
chemical
resistance
and
roughness
have
hindered
adoption
as
substrate
solar
cell
technologies.
Here,
the
first‐ever
perovskite
(PSC)
demonstrated
on
PC
films.
A
solution‐processed
planarizing
layer
developed
using
commercial
ambient‐curable
refractory
resin
through
blade
coating
which
decreased
film
from
1.46
µm
to
23
nm,
lowered
water
vapor
transmission
rates
(WVTR)
by
half,
significantly
improved
solvent
enabling
deposition
of
precursor
inks.
PSCs
are
fabricated
planarized
substrate,
with
customized
ITO
electrode
an
average
visible
transparency
78%,
sheet
25
Ω/sq,
safe
bending
radius
20
mm.
power
conversion
efficiency
(PCE)
reached
13.0%.
unencapsulated
retained
80%
initial
PCE
after
1776
h
upon
ISOS‐D‐1
shelf‐life
tests.
These
results
open
new
pathways
integrating
cells
products
made
materials,
such
ID
cards,
smart
windows,
skylights,
buildings,
product
packaging,
well
introducing
solution
planarization
barrier
that
can
be
used
other
types
optoelectronic
devices
(LEDs,
transistors,
etc.)
substrates.
This
review
comprehensively
explores
various
homogeneous
and
heterogeneous
catalytic
systems
for
the
hydrogenolysis
of
oxygenated
polymeric
wastes
(OXPs),
presenting
an
adaptable
solution
to
plastic
pollution
generating
valuable
feedstock.
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(24), С. 9279 - 9289
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024
The
use
of
biosourced
and/or
recycled
raw
materials
represents
a
promising
strategy
for
making
the
polymer
industry
more
renewable.
In
this
context,
both
biobased
lignin
fractions
and
chemically
bisphenol
A
(r-BPA)
have
been
independently
considered
as
renewable
alternatives
to
aromatic
fossil
monomers.
Here,
thermosetting
epoxies
were
designed
by
combining
tailored
r-BPA,
while
influence
several
hardeners
on
physical
structure
properties
obtained
resins
was
systematically
investigated.
To
do
so,
phenolic
groups
r-BPA
derived
from
polycarbonate
waste
solvent-extracted
Kraft
(EKL)
glycidylated
with
epichlorohydrin.
This
led
epoxy
precursors
diglycidyl
ether
(r-DGEBA)
extracted
lignin,
respectively.
Twenty
different
formulations
then
tailoring
structural
parameters
resins,
such
hardener
length
functionality,
epoxide/hardener
(E/H)
ratio,
content.
thermomechanical
investigated
structure–property
relationships
established,
highlighting
excellent
tunable
performance
these
epoxies.
Finally,
flexible
coatings
produced
lower
cross-link
density
that
demonstrated
performance,
even
30%
Overall,
our
results
show
how
building
blocks
could
be
combined
design
superior
in
sustainable
technical
terms.
Green Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
26(20), С. 10422 - 10433
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
We
present
a
facile
chemical
method
for
converting
HDPE
waste
into
valuable
long-chain
dicarboxylic
acids
(LCDCAs),
thus
transforming
polymer
monomers
potentially
novel
polyester
synthesis.
Plastics
play
a
vital
role
in
modern
society,
but
their
accumulation
landfills
and
the
environment
presents
significant
risks
to
ecosystems
human
health.
In
addition,
discarding
of
plastic
waste
constitutes
loss
valuable
material.
While
usual
mechanical
recycling
method
often
results
reduced
material
quality,
chemical
offers
exciting
opportunities
valorize
into
compounds
interest.
Its
versatility
leans
on
broad
horizon
reactions
applicable,
such
as
hydrogenolysis,
hydrolysis,
alcoholysis,
or
aminolysis.
The
development
heterogeneous
supported
organocatalysts
has
enormous
potential
enhance
economic
industrial
viability
these
technologies,
reducing
cost
process
mitigating
its
global
environmental
impact.
This
review
summarizes
challenges
chemically
heteroatom-containing
plastics
through
catalysis,
covering
widely
used
polyesters
(notably
PET
PLA),
BPA-polycarbonate
(BPA-PC),
polyurethane
(PU),
polyamide
(PA),
polyether.
It
examines
limitations
various
solid
catalysts,
including
clays,
zeolites,
metal–organic
frameworks
well
immobilized
enzymes
(heterogeneous
biocatalysts),
for
that
facilitate
recovery
high-value
products.
By
reintroducing
products
economy
precursors,
this
approach
supports
more
sustainable
lifecycle
plastics,
aligning
with
principles
circular
economy.
