Abstract
Rheumatoid
arthritis
and
osteoarthritis,
the
most
common
forms
of
arthritis,
are
chronic,
painful,
disabling
conditions.
Although
both
diseases
differ
in
etiology,
they
manifest
progressive
joint
destruction
characterized
by
pathological
changes
articular
cartilage,
bone,
synovium.
While
potent
anti-inflammatory
properties
therapeutic
(i.e.,
exogenous)
glucocorticoids
have
been
heavily
researched
widely
used
clinical
practice,
role
endogenous
susceptibility
disease
progression
remains
poorly
understood.
Current
evidence
from
mouse
models
suggests
that
local
glucocorticoid
signaling
is
upregulated
pro-inflammatory
microenvironment
rheumatoid
aging-related
mechanisms
osteoarthritis.
Furthermore,
these
indicate
macrophages,
mast
cells,
chondrocytes
has
effects,
while
fibroblast-like
synoviocytes,
myocytes,
osteoblasts,
osteocytes
actions
arthritis.
Conversely,
osteoblasts
destructive
actions.
Together
studies
provide
insights
into
pathogenesis
inflammatory
degenerative
disease.
Translational Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
7(12)
Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2017
Early-life
adversity
has
been
associated
with
a
life-long
increased
risk
for
psychopathology
and
chronic
health
problems.
These
long-term
negative
effects
have
explained
through
stress
sensitization,
which
may
involve
dysregulation
of
the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA)
axis
either
or
decreased
reactivity.
The
present
meta-analysis
assessed
first
time
effect
early-life
on
cortisol
response
to
social
stress.
Thirty
data
sets
were
included
in
meta-analysis,
salivary
4292
individuals
different
ages.
Results
indicated
moderate
size
(g
=
-0.39)
overall
levels
across
studies.
Separate
analyses
at
stages
showed
large
sizes
peak
recovery,
baseline.
Heterogeneity
was
this
sample
studies
several
moderators
identified.
larger
that
focused
maltreatment
compared
those
other
adversities,
adults
children
adolescents.
Percent
women
each
methodological
quality
positive
predictors
size.
Publication
bias
be
present,
but
analysis
hampered
by
high
heterogeneity.
Therefore,
these
results
support
association
between
blunted
stress,
they
suggest
reach
maximum
adults.
Neurobiology of Stress,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
13, С. 100235 - 100235
Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2020
Since
its
development
in
1993,
the
Trier
Social
Stress
Test
(TSST)
has
been
used
widely
as
a
psychosocial
stress
paradigm
to
activate
sympathetic
nervous
system
and
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis
(HPAA)
systems,
stimulating
physiological
functions
(e.g.
heart
rate)
cortisol
secretion.
Several
methodological
variations
introduced
over
years
have
led
scientific
community
question
replication
between
studies.
In
this
systematic
review,
we
Preferred
Reporting
Items
of
Systematic
Reviews
Meta-Analysis
(PRISMA)
synthesize
procedure-related
data
available
about
TSST
protocol
highlight
commonalities
differences
across
We
noted
significant
discrepancies
studies
how
researchers
applied
protocol.
particular,
testing
procedures
(e.g.,
number
judges,
initial
arithmetic
task,
time
collected
saliva
samples
for
cortisol)
discuss
possible
misinterpretation
comparing
findings
from
failing
control
variables
or
using
modified
version
original
Further,
recommend
that
use
standardized
background
questionnaire
when
identify
factors
may
influence
measurements
tandem
with
summary
review
guide.
More
implementation
detailed
reporting
methodology
will
promote
study
replication,
optimize
comparison
findings,
foster
an
informed
understanding
affecting
responses
social
stressors
healthy
people
those
pathological
conditions.
Comprehensive Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
88, С. 9 - 21
Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2018
The
adolescent
transition
is
marked
by
increases
in
stress
exposure
and
significant
maturation
of
neural
hormonal
processing
systems.
Variability
the
development
these
systems
during
adolescence
may
influence
risk
for
stress-related
psychopathology.
This
paper
aims
to
review
developmental
HPA
axis
related
regulation
systems,
demonstrate
how
interference
this
adaptive
process
increase
negative
outcomes.
We
argue
that
improve
regulatory
capacity
order
more
adaptively
respond
reactivity.
Additionally,
we
evidence
sex
differences
axes
contribute
Finally,
discuss
contextual
factors,
such
as
early
trauma
obesity
alter
alterations
normative
disorders.
Endocrine Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
45(4), С. 593 - 624
Опубликована: Март 29, 2024
Glucocorticoids
exert
pleiotropic
effects
on
all
tissues
to
regulate
cellular
and
metabolic
homeostasis.
Synthetic
forms
are
used
therapeutically
in
a
wide
range
of
conditions
for
their
anti-inflammatory
benefits,
at
the
cost
dose
duration-dependent
side
effects.
Significant
variability
occurs
between
tissues,
disease
states,
individuals
with
regard
both
beneficial
deleterious
The
glucocorticoid
receptor
(GR)
is
site
action
these
hormones
vast
body
work
has
been
conducted
understanding
its
function.
Traditionally,
it
was
thought
that
benefits
glucocorticoids
were
mediated
by
transrepression
pro-inflammatory
transcription
factors,
while
adverse
resulted
from
direct
transactivation.
This
canonical
GR
function
brought
into
question
over
past
2
decades
advances
resolution
scientific
techniques,
discovery
multiple
isoforms
present
most
tissues.
Here
we
review
structure
GR,
nature
isoforms,
contribution
sensitivity,
or
resistance
health
disease.
