Sex differences in sleep, circadian rhythms, and metabolism: Implications for precision medicine

Sleep Medicine Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 75, С. 101926 - 101926

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

The number of individuals experiencing sleep loss has exponentially risen over the past decades. Extrapolation laboratory findings to real world suggests that females are more affected by extended wakefulness and circadian misalignment than males are. Therefore, long-term effects such as metabolism disorders likely be prevalent in males. Despite emerging evidence for sex differences key aspects sleep-wake regulation, much remains unknown, often underrepresented research. This brief communication is intended highlight 1) how systematically impinge on regulation humans, 2) factors modulate metabolism, 3) meaning these precision medicine. Ultimately, justify factoring when optimizing individually targeted interventions humans.

Язык: Английский

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The Cortisol Awakening Response: Regulation and Functional Significance

Endocrine Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2024

In healthy individuals, the majority of cortisol secretion occurs within several hours surrounding morning awakening. A highly studied component this secretory period is awakening response (CAR), rapid increase in levels across first 30-45 min after This strong burst at start active phase has been proposed to be functional preparing organism for challenges upcoming day. Here, we review evidence on key regulatory and processes CAR develop an integrative model its role. Specifically, propose that, closely regulated by intricate dual-control system, which draws upon circadian, environmental neurocognitive best predict daily need cortisol-related action. Fine-tuned expression, turn, then assumed induce potent glucocorticoid action via non-genomic slower genomic pathways (e.g., affecting circadian clock gene expression) support modulate activity through relevant metabolic, immunological systems. We that concerted adaptive mediating two main functions: a primary process mobilize resources meet activity-related demands secondary help counterregulate adverse prior-day emotional experiences.

Язык: Английский

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Gender minority stress and diurnal cortisol profiles among transgender and gender diverse people in the United States

Hormones and Behavior, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 159, С. 105473 - 105473

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The Effects of Nature Exposure Therapies on Stress, Depression, and Anxiety Levels: A Systematic Review

European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(3), С. 609 - 622

Опубликована: Март 7, 2024

Background: Mental well-being plays a pivotal role within the broader spectrum of health and illness, encompassing factors such as stress, depression, anxiety. Nature-based therapeutic interventions have emerged promising approach to addressing these mental challenges. This study seeks assess impact on anxiety levels. Methods: We conducted an extensive search for randomized clinical trials that examined anxiety, depression The selected studies underwent rigorous risk-of-bias assessment following guidelines outlined in Cochrane Handbook Systematic Reviews. Results: Our review encompassed findings from eight publications. Among them, two measuring cortisol levels revealed significant differences between pre-test post-test measurements intervention groups. In employed Stress Response Inventory, decrease stress was observed groups contrast control However, no were noted utilized Restorative Outcome Scale. levels, three Positive Negative Affect Schedule, while four Profile Mood States scale; none demonstrated differences. Conclusions: current body evidence offers limited support advocating nature-based primary reducing

Язык: Английский

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Is the cortisol awakening response truly a response to awakening? Replication and extension using overnight sampling

European Journal of Applied Physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Awakening not associated with an increased rate of cortisol secretion

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 292(2038)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Cortisol is released upon activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, varies across day, possesses an underlying diurnal rhythm and responsive to stressors. The endogenous circadian peak cortisol occurs in morning, increases observed post-awakening have been named awakening response (CAR) based on belief that act waking up stimulates secretion. However, objective evidence induces secretion limited. We used a mixed effects model with linear spline fitted data examine tissue-free measurements obtained from 201 healthy volunteers by automated ambulatory microdialysis before after their home environments. also examined rate change depending sleep duration relative timing. found no for increase hour when compared prior waking. instead substantial interindividual variability absolute concentration levels, differences dynamics may be attributable timing sleep. Based these results, we strongly suggest caution needed interpreting solely

Язык: Английский

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Revisiting the stress recovery hypothesis: Differential associations of cortisol stress reactivity and recovery after acute psychosocial stress with markers of long-term stress and health

Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28, С. 100598 - 100598

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

Exposure to excessive and long-term stress may result in dysregulation of the system, including acute response. In particular, failure downregulate stress-related reactivity lead prolonged responses accumulation allostatic load. However, contribution altered cortisol recovery chronic associated health impairments has often been neglected. Addressing this lack research, we explored whether from - more so than captures basal load an individual. Using Piecewise Growth Curve Models with Landmark Registration, analyzed slopes 130 healthy participants exposed a standardized psychosocial laboratory stressor. Reactivity were predicted by measures indicative its downstream effects, self-report questionnaires, diurnal indices [cortisol awakening response (CAR); slope], markers pro-inflammatory activity (interleukin-6; high-sensitive C-reactive protein), hippocampal volume (HCV). Among these measures, only increased CAR was specifically consistently relatively impaired recovery. Since represents physiological enhancement needed meet anticipated demands forthcoming day, finding highlight cognitive processes determining both Furthermore, greater covaried smaller HCV, showing that translates health-relevant effects. The further associations between arise biases self-reported rigorously health-screened study sample. Overall, our findings suggest while might not supersede as indicator or have differential utility describing individuals' states.

Язык: Английский

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The cortisol awakening response in a 3 month clinical trial of service dogs for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Abstract Recent literature suggests that service dogs may be a valuable complementary intervention option for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among military veterans due to the potential influence on response dysregulation. The aim of this short-term longitudinal study was quantify impact in US with PTSD particular attention cortisol awakening response. A sub empirically evaluate physiological effects veteran partners. We conducted clinical trial (ID: NCT03245814) assessed 245 participants at baseline and 3 months follow-up across an group (service dog: n = 88, partners 46) control (usual care: 73, 38). total N 161 84 collected whole saliva samples via passive drool collection immediately upon waking, 30 min after 45 waking three consecutive weekdays again follow-up. Mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) fixed effect dog or control) were utilized. Covariates considered included time awakening, sleep duration, efficiency, prior day experiences (measured ecological momentary assessment), traumatic brain injury, age, gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, smoking alcohol use, physical health, body mass index. 3951 salivary (veterans: 2613, partners: 1338). MMRM results demonstrated had statistically significant higher response, including area under curve respect both increase (AUCi, β 1.46, p 0.046) absolute (AINC, 0.05, 0.035). Results not Findings suggest have higher, less blunted CAR comparison receiving usual care alone. In morning placement could help boost their

Язык: Английский

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Variation in diurnal cortisol patterns among the Indigenous Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador

American Journal of Human Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(1)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2024

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its primary end product, the glucocorticoid cortisol, are major components of evolved human stress response. However, most studies have examined these systems among populations in high-income settings, which differ from high pathogen limited resource contexts HPA functioned for evolution. We investigated variability diurnal salivary cortisol patterns 298 Indigenous Shuar Amazonian Ecuador (147 males, 151 females; age 2-86 years), focusing on effects age, biological sex, body mass index (BMI) shaping differences production. Saliva samples were collected three times daily (waking, 30 minutes post-waking, evening) consecutive days to measure key parameters: levels at waking, awakening response, slope, total output. Age was positively associated with waking output, juveniles adolescents displaying significantly lower than adults (p < .05). Sex not a significant predictor > .05), as males females displayed similar production across life course. Moreover, BMI interacted moderate rate decline = .027). Overall, demonstrated relatively concentrations populations. This study expands documented range global variation activity provides important insights into plasticity physiology diverse developmental socioecological settings.

Язык: Английский

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Pathophysiology: Integrating Systemic, CNS and Circadian Processes

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(1), С. 24 - 24

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

The conceptualization of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has primarily focused on hormonal alterations driven by changes within the hypothalamus and ovarian granulosa cells, with treatment contraceptive pill weight loss. However, a growing body data implicates wider systemic central nervous system (CNS) in pathoetiology pathophysiology PCOS, consequent implications for targeted treatments. It is proposed that there significant role night-time interactions factors acting to regulate whether rising level cortisol over night during morning awakening response (CAR) able induce nuclear translocation glucocorticoid receptor (GR), thereby influencing how immune glial systems cellular function preparation coming day. Factors affording protection PCOS also inhibit GR including gut microbiome-derived butyrate, pineal/local melatonin as well regulated bcl2-associated athanogene (BAG)-1. A pathophysiological attributed aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), which shows heightened levels activity PCOS. AhR activated ligands many processes, white adipocyte-derived kynurenine, implicating obesity occurring ovaries. activation consequences physiological hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, cells adipocytes, partly mediated upregulation mitochondrial N-acetylserotonin/melatonin ratio, decreasing availability whilst increasing local stress plasticity nucleus. This article reviews detail CNS highlighting pineal melatonergic pathway, nucleus tanycytes/astrocytes, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis pathophysiology. integrates wide array previously disparate biological underpinnings associates other currently classified medical conditions, such depression, bipolar disorder, type 1 diabetes mellitus autism spectrum. Numerous future research are detailed.

Язык: Английский

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