
Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2024
Pulmonary congestion is a key determinant of heart failure, but for long time it has been an elusive target the clinical cardiologist in pre-B-line era, despite research efforts Carlo Giuntini, pneumologist who attempted quantification lung water seventies with too insensitive chest X-ray score, cumbersome nuclear medicine, and complex invasive thermodilution techniques. Daniel Lichtenstein, French intensivist first discovered ultrasound as sign extravascular 1997. B-lines (also known comets) detectable by arise from pleural line, extend towards edge screen, move synchronously respiration. In cardiology, were introduced 2004 are now dominant technique applications purposes. showed prognostic value several scenarios, largely independent additive over echocardiographic predictors such ejection fraction. The methodology became user-friendly last years, reduction scanning sites original 28 to simplified 4-site scan extracting information on < 1 minute. More recently, also studied during physical pharmacological stress. Signs pulmonary found stress out 3 all-comers normal findings at rest. Artificial intelligence applied data allows detection B lines, their quantification, assessment nature. phenotype can cluster around different endotypes: dry (in systemic sclerosis interstitial fibrosis); wet (water); sterile (as cardiogenic edema); infective COVID-19 pneumonia); right heart-sided arterial hypertension); left-heart sided failure or valvular disease). pocket-size insonation B-lines-driven decongestion therapy horizon.
Язык: Английский