Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Март 3, 2025
Abstract
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
the
most
common
neurodegenerative
worldwide.
Amyloid-β
(Aβ)
accumulation
and
neurofibrillary
tangles
are
two
key
histological
features
resulting
in
progressive
irreversible
neuronal
loss
cognitive
decline.
The
macrophages
of
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
belong
to
innate
immune
comprise
parenchymal
microglia
CNS-associated
(CAMs)
at
CNS
interfaces
(leptomeninges,
perivascular
space
choroid
plexus).
Microglia
CAMs
have
received
attention
as
they
may
play
a
role
onset
progression
e.
g.,
by
clearing
amyloid
beta
through
phagocytosis.
Genome-wide
association
studies
(GWAS)
revealed
that
human
express
numerous
risk
genes
for
AD,
further
highlighting
their
potentially
critical
AD
pathogenesis.
tightly
controlled
environmental
factors,
such
host
microbiota.
Notably,
it
was
reported
composition
gut
microbiota
differed
between
patients
healthy
individuals.
Hence,
emerging
analyzed
impact
bacteria
different
preclinical
mouse
models
well
clinical
studies,
enabling
promising
new
therapeutic
options.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024
Abstract
The
human
gastrointestinal
tract
is
populated
with
a
diverse
microbial
community.
vast
genetic
and
metabolic
potential
of
the
gut
microbiome
underpins
its
ubiquity
in
nearly
every
aspect
biology,
including
health
maintenance,
development,
aging,
disease.
advent
new
sequencing
technologies
culture-independent
methods
has
allowed
researchers
to
move
beyond
correlative
studies
toward
mechanistic
explorations
shed
light
on
microbiome–host
interactions.
Evidence
unveiled
bidirectional
communication
between
central
nervous
system,
referred
as
“microbiota–gut–brain
axis”.
microbiota–gut–brain
axis
represents
an
important
regulator
glial
functions,
making
it
actionable
target
ameliorate
development
progression
neurodegenerative
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
mechanisms
As
provides
essential
cues
microglia,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
examine
communications
microbiota
these
cells
during
healthy
states
Subsequently,
diseases
using
metabolite-centric
approach,
while
also
examining
role
microbiota-related
neurotransmitters
hormones.
Next,
targeting
intestinal
barrier,
blood–brain
meninges,
peripheral
immune
system
counteract
dysfunction
neurodegeneration.
Finally,
conclude
by
assessing
pre-clinical
clinical
evidence
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
transplantation
A
thorough
comprehension
will
foster
effective
therapeutic
interventions
for
management
Translational Neurodegeneration,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024
Abstract
Ageing
is
a
crucial
risk
factor
for
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
and
characterised
by
systemic
changes
in
both
intracellular
extracellular
microenvironments
that
affect
the
entire
body
instead
of
single
organ.
Understanding
specific
mechanisms
underlying
role
ageing
development
can
facilitate
treatment
ageing-related
diseases,
such
as
AD.
Signs
brain
have
been
observed
AD
patients
animal
models.
Alleviating
pathological
caused
dramatically
ameliorate
amyloid
beta-
tau-induced
neuropathological
memory
impairments,
indicating
plays
pathophysiological
process
In
this
review,
we
summarize
impact
several
age-related
factors
on
propose
preventing
promising
strategy
improving
cognitive
health.
The
gut
microbiota
(GM)
and
its
metabolites
affect
the
host
nervous
system
are
involved
in
pathogeneses
of
various
neurological
diseases.
However,
specific
GM
alterations
under
pathogenetic
pressure
their
contributions
to
"microbiota
–
metabolite
brain
axis"
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
remain
unclear.
Here,
we
investigated
fecal,
serum,
cortical
metabolomes
APP/PS1
wild-type
(WT)
mice,
revealing
distinct
hub
bacteria
AD
mice
within
scale-free
networks
shared
by
both
groups.
Moreover,
identified
diverse
peripheral
central
metabolic
landscapes
between
WT
that
featured
bile
acids
(e.g.
deoxycholic
isodeoxycholic
acid)
unsaturated
fatty
11Z-eicosenoic
palmitoleic
acid).
Machine-learning
models
revealed
relationships
differential/hub
these
signatures
from
periphery
brain.
Notably,
AD-enriched
Dubosiella
affected
occurrence
via
acid
vice
versa.
Considering
transgenic
background
propose
enrichment
impedes
progression
synthesis
acid,
which
has
protective
properties
against
inflammation
disorders.
We
another
association
involving
fecal
acid-mediated
interactions
Erysipelatoclostridium
occurrence,
was
corroborated
correlation
deoxycholate
levels
cognitive
scores
humans.
Overall,
this
study
elucidated
network
alterations,
landscapes,
mediatory
roles
thus
critical
pathogenesis
communications
pressure.
Foods,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(1), С. 101 - 101
Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
marked
by
impaired
cognitive
functions,
particularly
in
learning
and
memory,
owing
to
complex
diverse
mechanisms.
Methionine
restriction
(MR)
has
been
found
exert
a
mitigating
effect
on
brain
oxidative
stress
improve
AD.
However,
the
bidirectional
crosstalk
between
gut
through
which
MR
enhances
memory
AD,
as
well
effects
of
fecal
microbiota
transplantation
(FMT)
from
mice
AD
mice,
remains
underexplored.
In
this
study,
APP/PS1
double
transgenic
were
used
an
FMT
experiment
was
conducted.
16S
rRNA
gene
sequencing,
targeted
metabolomics,
microbial
metabolite
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
feces
samples
analyzed.
The
results
showed
that
reversed
reduction
SCFAs
induced
further
activated
free
acid
receptors,
FFAR2
FFAR3,
transport
protein
MCT1,
thereby
signaling
mitigate
inflammation
enhance
capabilities.
Furthermore,
methionine-restricted
diet
mouse
donors
receiving
ameliorated
ability
SCFAs.
This
study
offers
novel
non-pharmaceutical
intervention
strategies
for
prevention.
Abstract
The
cerebellum
is
crucial
for
both
motor
and
nonmotor
functions.
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
alongside
other
dementias
such
as
vascular
dementia
(VaD),
Lewy
body
(DLB),
frontotemporal
(FTD),
well
neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDs)
like
Parkinson's
(PD),
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS),
Huntington's
(HD),
spinocerebellar
ataxias
(SCA),
are
characterized
by
specific
non‐specific
neurodegenerations
in
central
nervous
system.
Previously,
the
cerebellum's
significance
these
conditions
was
underestimated.
However,
advancing
research
has
elevated
its
profile
a
critical
node
pathology.
We
comprehensively
review
existing
evidence
to
elucidate
relationship
between
aforementioned
diseases.
Our
findings
reveal
growing
of
unequivocally
establishing
link
AD,
forms
dementia,
NDs,
supported
clinical
evidence,
pathological
biochemical
profiles,
structural
functional
neuroimaging
data,
electrophysiological
findings.
By
contrasting
cerebellar
observations
with
those
from
cerebral
cortex
hippocampus,
we
highlight
distinct
role
processes.
Furthermore,
also
explore
emerging
therapeutic
potential
targeting
treatment
This
underscores
importance
diseases,
offering
new
insights
into
mechanisms
novel
strategies.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(5), С. 3050 - 3050
Опубликована: Март 6, 2024
Astroglia
constitute
the
largest
group
of
glial
cells
and
are
involved
in
numerous
actions
that
critical
to
neuronal
development
functioning,
such
as
maintaining
blood–brain
barrier,
forming
synapses,
supporting
neurons
with
nutrients
trophic
factors,
protecting
them
from
injury.
These
properties
deeply
affected
course
many
neurodegenerative
diseases,
including
tauopathies,
often
before
onset
disease.
In
this
respect,
transfer
essential
amino
acids
glutamate
glutamine
between
astrocytes
glutamate–glutamine
cycle
(GGC)
is
one
example.
review,
we
focus
on
GGC
disruption
tau-dependent
neurodegeneration.
A
profound
understanding
complex
functions
and,
broader
context,
searching
for
dysfunctions
communication
pathways
via
health
disease,
significance
novel
mechanism-based
therapies
disorders.
Neural Regeneration Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(4), С. 990 - 1008
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024
With
the
rapidly
aging
human
population,
age-related
cognitive
decline
and
dementia
are
becoming
increasingly
prevalent
worldwide.
Aging
is
considered
main
risk
factor
for
acts
through
alterations
in
composition
of
gut
microbiota,
microbial
metabolites,
functions
astrocytes.
The
microbiota–gut–brain
axis
has
been
focus
multiple
studies
closely
associated
with
function.
This
article
provides
a
comprehensive
review
specific
changes
that
occur
microbiota
metabolites
older
individuals
discusses
how
astrocytes
reactive
astrocytosis
related
to
neurodegenerative
diseases.
also
summarizes
components
affect
astrocyte
function,
mainly
vagus
nerve,
immune
responses,
circadian
rhythms,
metabolites.
Finally,
this
mechanism
by
which
microbiota–astrocyte
plays
role
Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
Our
findings
have
revealed
critical
decline,
aiding
deeper
understanding
potential
microbiome-based
adjuvant
therapy
strategies
condition.
Heliyon,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(4), С. e26377 - e26377
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
are
thought
to
play
a
key
role
in
the
microbe-gut-brain
axis
and
involve
pathogenesis
of
variety
neurological
diseases.
This
study
aimed
identify
research
hotspots
evolution
trends
SCFAs
central
nervous
diseases
(CNS)
examine
current
trends.
Journal of Neurochemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
169(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Synaptic
homeostasis
of
the
principal
neurotransmitters
glutamate
and
GABA
is
tightly
regulated
by
an
intricate
metabolic
coupling
between
neurons
astrocytes
known
as
glutamate/GABA‐glutamine
cycle.
In
this
cycle,
take
up
from
synapse
convert
these
into
glutamine.
Astrocytic
glutamine
subsequently
transferred
to
neurons,
serving
precursor
for
neuronal
synthesis.
The
cycle
integrates
multiple
cellular
processes,
including
neurotransmitter
release,
uptake,
synthesis,
metabolism.
All
processes
are
deeply
interdependent
closely
coupled
energy
Astrocytes
display
highly
active
mitochondrial
oxidative
metabolism
several
unique
features,
glycogen
storage
pyruvate
carboxylation,
which
essential
sustain
continuous
release.
However,
new
roles
oligodendrocytes
microglia
in
recycling
emerging.
Malfunction
can
lead
severe
synaptic
disruptions
may
be
implicated
brain
diseases.
Here,
I
review
central
aspects
recent
advances
highlight
how
functionally
connected
critical
functions
First,
overview
glutamate,
GABA,
transport
provided
relation
recycling.
Then,
reviewed,
with
a
special
emphasis
on
glial
cells.
Finally,
discuss
aberrant
linked
neurodegeneration
disease,
focusing
astrocyte
dysfunction
lipid
emerging
pathological
mechanisms.
Instead
viewing
individual
biochemical
more
holistic
integrative
approach
needed
advance
our
understanding
modulates
function
both
health
disease.
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