This
work
studies
the
valorization
of
swine
manure
by
hydrothermal
carbonization
in
batch
and
continuous
mode
(T
180
–
250
ºC,
residence
time
45
min,
5
wt.%
total
solids).
The
process
resulted
a
hydrochar
with
enhanced
degree,
higher
C
content
(50
55
wt.%)
fixed
carbon
(FC:
~
25
increased
calorific
value
(20
-
22
MJ
kg-1),
compared
to
obtained
process.
In
particular,
mass
yield
was
significantly
lower
at
low
temperature
43
wt.%),
being
very
similar
both
processes
highest
temperatures
(~
20
wt.%).
Thermogravimetric
combustion
analysis
showed
that
hydrochars
exhibited
suitable
characteristics
as
solid
biofuels
for
industrial
use.
water
cases
high
organic
matter
soluble
chemical
oxygen
demand
(7
g
L-1)
(4
10
L-1),
although
gave
rise
diversity
aromatic
N-
O-containing
species.
longer
required
reach
operating
case
system
(heating
ramp)
reduced
H/C
(1.07
1.35)
O/C
(0.47
0.64)
ratios
(H/C
1.32
1.54
0.54
0.65),
which
implied
more
important
role
feedstock
dehydration
decarboxylation
reactions.
Chicken
bone
waste
is
generated
by
the
food
service
industry
and
individual
households.
The
main
issues
in
management
are
related
to
illegal
discharge
or
high
disposal
costs.
However,
their
valorisation
raises
great
prospects
towards
achievement
of
environmental
sustainability
circular
bioeconomy.
In
this
study,
chicken
feedstocks
were
sourced
from
fried
process
(CBF)
purchased
one
world's
largest
fast-food
restaurant
chains
as
well
household
(CBO).
enzymatically
pretreated,
preparation
be
subjected
further
processes,
then
sonicated,
dried,
milled.
chemical
composition
these
materials
(c.a.
28%
carbon,
4.5%
hydrogen,
46%
calcium
13%
phosphorus
contents)
indicated
that
they
can
thermally
converted
via
pyrolysis
have
potential
catalyst
support
adsorbent
material.
addition,
FTIR
analysis
proved
presence
phosphate
ion
(PO43-).
volatile
matter
released
during
at
500
700
°C
was
analysed
a
micropyrolysis
reactor
connected
with
gas
chromatography
mass
spectrometry.
This
enabled
identification
wide
range
compounds
changes
incremental
increases
temperature.
found
hydrocarbons
nitrogen
compounds.
order
study
thermal
behaviour
under
an
inert
atmosphere,
implemented.
When
comparing
two
feedstocks,
CBF
presented
better
performance
higher
stability
total
reactivity
index
RMtot
0.0305,
CBO
0.0228,
CPI
indices
for
all
elementary
steps,
indexes.
Rw.
Pyrolysis
modelled
applying
isoconversional
Friedman
method
fit
quality
R2>0.999.
work
has
previously
provided
valuable
information
on
conversion
shown
feedstock
should
considered
application
according
sustainable
waste-to-energy
technologies
which
contribute
resource
protection.
This
work
studies
the
valorization
of
swine
manure
by
hydrothermal
carbonization
in
batch
and
continuous
mode
(T
180
–
250
ºC,
residence
time
45
min,
5
wt.%
total
solids).
The
process
resulted
a
hydrochar
with
enhanced
degree,
higher
C
content
(50
55
wt.%)
fixed
carbon
(FC:
~
25
increased
calorific
value
(20
-
22
MJ
kg-1),
compared
to
obtained
process.
In
particular,
mass
yield
was
significantly
lower
at
low
temperature
43
wt.%),
being
very
similar
both
processes
highest
temperatures
(~
20
wt.%).
Thermogravimetric
combustion
analysis
showed
that
hydrochars
exhibited
suitable
characteristics
as
solid
biofuels
for
industrial
use.
water
cases
high
organic
matter
soluble
chemical
oxygen
demand
(7
g
L-1)
(4
10
L-1),
although
gave
rise
diversity
aromatic
N-
O-containing
species.
longer
required
reach
operating
case
system
(heating
ramp)
reduced
H/C
(1.07
1.35)
O/C
(0.47
0.64)
ratios
(H/C
1.32
1.54
0.54
0.65),
which
implied
more
important
role
feedstock
dehydration
decarboxylation
reactions.
