Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Май 2, 2024
Abstract
In
this
study,
modeling
and
simulation
of
biodiesel
synthesis
through
transesterification
triglyceride
(TG)
over
a
heterogeneous
catalyst
in
packed
bed
membrane
reactor
(PBMR)
was
performed
using
solid
compared
with
fixed
(FBR).
The
kinetic
data
for
the
reaction
canola
oil
methanol
presence
tungstophosphoric
acid
extracted
from
published
open
literature.
effect
temperature,
feed
flow
rate,
disproportionation
reactants,
length
on
product
performance
investigated.
Two-dimensional
applied
to
PBMR
resultant
equations
were
solved
by
Matlab
software.
Moreover,
velocity
profile
obtained.
results
showed
best
conditions
are
180
°C,
molar
ratio
equal
15:1,
input
rate
0.5
mL/min.
condition,
conversion
99.94%
TG
can
be
achieved
86
cm
while
2.75
m
is
required
achieve
FBR.
Finally,
energy
consumption
production
8000
ton/y
plant
FBR
obtained
as
1313.24
1352.44
kW,
respectively.
Abstract
The
growing
population
and
the
unpalatable
ecological
impact
of
exploration
utilization
fossil-based
fuels
have
resulted
in
increased
demand
for
biofuel
as
an
alternative
fuel
engines
power
generation.
global
biodiesel,
a
prominent
member
biofuels
family,
has
continued
to
increase
over
past
decades
with
researchers
devising
various
means
intensify
cost-effective
production.
use
metal
oxide
nanocatalysts
is
one
feasible
strategies
meet
quality
biodiesel.
This
study
reviews
recent
advances
deployment
commonly
used
nanoparticles
such
MgO,
CaO,
TiO
2
,
ZnO,
ZrO
accelerate
sustainable
biodiesel
Converting
conventional
heterogeneous
catalysts
into
enhances
surface
configuration,
chemical
thermal
stability,
porosity,
crystallinity
nanocatalysts.
hasten
transesterification
reaction,
reduces
reaction
temperature
time,
yield.
Biodiesel
synthesized
aid
impeccable
meets
international
standards.
Notwithstanding
few
challenges,
application
engenders
production
contributes
energy
security.
More
innovative
collaborative
studies
are
needed
reduce
ethical,
economic,
infrastructural,
environmental
consequences
usage
nanomaterials
ChemBioEng Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025
Abstract
The
application
of
nanocatalysts
for
the
conversion
crude
oil
into
biodiesel
represents
a
promising
strategy
to
mitigate
environmental
issues
and
diminish
dependence
on
fossil
fuels.
This
review
scrutinizes
contemporary
developments
in
nanocatalyst
technology
pertaining
synthesis,
emphasizing
effectiveness,
specificity,
ecological
sustainability
various
nanocatalysts,
which
include
metal
oxides,
magnetic
solid
catalysts,
an
array
other
nanostructured
materials.
These
catalysts
have
exhibited
substantial
potential
augmenting
efficiency
selectivity
production,
attributable
their
enhanced
catalytic
performance,
extensive
surface
area,
resilience
saponification,
rendering
them
appropriate
diverse
feedstocks
such
as
recycled
oils,
animal
fats,
plant
oils.
Notwithstanding
obstacles
associated
with
production
costs
recycling
procedures,
recent
progress
economically
viable
manufacturing
techniques
sustainable
recovery
methods,
including
separation
approaches,
offers
significant
promise.
A
thorough
lifecycle
assessment
(LCA)
remains
imperative
appraise
economic
viability
employing
taking
account
parameters,
raw
material
acquisition,
energy
utilization,
waste
generation.
accentuates
superior
efficacy
comparison
traditional
heterogeneous
underscoring
capacity
expedite
synthesis
facilitate
transition
toward
more
environmentally
paradigm.
Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
47, С. 100925 - 100925
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024
The
utilization
of
nanomaterials
in
biofuel
production
has
garnered
considerable
attention
owing
to
their
distinctive
characteristics,
including
a
high
surface-area-to-volume
ratio,
strong
dispersibility,
and
enhanced
reactivity.
This
review
delves
into
the
transformative
role
played
by
nanomaterials,
specifically
graphene-based
catalysts,
metal-organic
frameworks,
biomass
waste
materials,
carbon
nanotubes,
augmenting
various
facets
production.
Noteworthy
examples
include
application
metal-modified
graphene
oxide
composite
incorporating
aluminium
ferric,
revealing
significant
25%
reduction
free
fatty
acid
content
remarkable
15%
increase
methyl
hexadecanoic
yield.
Furthermore,
eco-friendly
synthesis
TiO2
nanoparticles
showcased
consistently
biodiesel
yields,
reaching
95%
over
10
cycles,
underscoring
its
economic
advantages
stability.
However,
it
is
essential
acknowledge
potential
drawbacks
associated
with
nanomaterial
Environmental
concerns,
such
as
nanoparticle
release
during
processes
impact
on
ecosystems,
well
safety
issues
related
exposure
nanoparticles,
require
careful
consideration.
comprehensive
overview
encompasses
recent
studies
green
synthesis,
hydrothermal-assisted
carbonization,
gold
hydrolysis,
nano-fuel
technology
engine
characteristics.
Innovations
catalysts
processes,
sulfonic
functionalized
frameworks
magnetic
MOF-derived
are
scrutinized
for
sustainability.
culminates
thorough
analysis
environmental
impacts,
accentuating
both
benefits
challenges
entailed
seamless
integration
nanotechnology
