Effects of ocean sprawl on ecological connectivity: impacts and solutions

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 492, С. 7 - 30

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2017

The growing number of artificial structures in estuarine, coastal and marine environments is causing "ocean sprawl". Artificial do not only modify ecosystems at the sites their placement, but may also produce larger-scale impacts through alteration ecological connectivity - movement organisms, materials energy between habitat units within seascapes. Despite awareness capacity ocean sprawl to influence connectivity, we lack a comprehensive understanding how near- off-shore environments, when where effects on are greatest. We review mechanisms by which including trophic associated with flow nutrients resources. demonstrated, inferred likely such changes scales from genes ecosystems, potential strategies management for mitigating these effects. Ocean alter by: (1) creating barriers some organisms resources adding physical or modifying fragmenting habitats; (2) introducing new structural material that acts as conduit other across landscape; (3) altering connectivity. Changes may, turn, genetic structure size populations, distribution species, community functioning. Two main approaches assessment have been taken: measurement configuration landscape patches dynamics; functional response particles landscape. Our reveals paucity studies directly addressing environment, particularly large spatial temporal scales. With ongoing development estuarine there pressing need additional quantify Understanding essential if planning eco-engineering be effectively utilised minimise impacts.

Язык: Английский

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The role of dispersal in river network metacommunities: Patterns, processes, and pathways

Freshwater Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 63(1), С. 141 - 163

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2017

Abstract River networks are hierarchical dendritic habitats embedded within the terrestrial landscape, with varying connectivity between sites depending on their positions along network. This physical organisation influences dispersal of organisms, which ultimately affects metacommunity dynamics and biodiversity patterns. We provide a conceptual synthesis role river in structuring metacommunities relation to processes riverine ecosystems. explore where network best explains observed structure compared other measurements connectivity. mostly focus invertebrates, but also consider taxonomic groups, including microbes, fishes, plants, amphibians. Synthesising studies that multiple spatial distance metrics, we found importance itself explaining patterns depended variety factors, mode (aquatic versus aerial terrestrial) landscape type (arid mesic), as well location‐specific such connectivity, land use, topographic heterogeneity, biotic interactions. The appears be less important for strong dispersers insects arid systems than groups biomes, there is considerable variability. Borrowing from literature, particularly genetics, developed model predicts explanatory power peaks mesic obligate aquatic dispersers. propose directions future avenues research, use manipulative field laboratory experiments test theory networks. While have own benefits drawbacks (e.g. reality, control, cost), both powerful approaches understanding mechanisms metacommunities, by teasing apart niche‐related factors. Finally, improving our knowledge will benefit expanding breadth cost‐distance modelling better infer observational data; an improved life‐history strategies rather relying independent traits; exploring individual‐level variation through detailed genetic studies; fine‐scale environmental daily hydrology) organismal spatiotemporal variability; synthesising comparative, experimental, theoretical work. Expanding these areas help push current state science largely pattern‐detection into new phase more mechanistically driven research.

Язык: Английский

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Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: An Integrated Systems Framework

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 54(2), С. 298 - 322

Опубликована: Март 1, 2018

Interest in connectivity has increased the aquatic sciences, partly because of its relevance to Clean Water Act. This paper two objectives: (1) provide a framework understand hydrological, chemical, and biological connectivity, focusing on how headwater streams wetlands connect contribute rivers; (2) review methods quantify hydrological chemical connectivity. Streams affect river structure function by altering material fluxes river; this depends factors: functions within that fluxes; (or isolation) from rivers allows prevents) transport between systems. Connectivity can be described terms frequency, magnitude, duration, timing, rate change. It results physical characteristics system, e.g., climate, soils, geology, topography, spatial distribution components. Biological is also affected traits behavior biota. altered human impacts, often complex ways. Because variability these factors, not constant but varies over time space. quantified with field-based methods, modeling, remote sensing. Further studies using are needed classify ecosystems impacts

Язык: Английский

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The conservation impacts of ecological disturbance: Time‐bound estimates of population loss and recovery for fauna affected by the 2019–2020 Australian megafires

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 31(10), С. 2085 - 2104

Опубликована: Март 1, 2022

Abstract Aim After environmental disasters, species with large population losses may need urgent protection to prevent extinction and support recovery. Following the 2019–2020 Australian megafires, we estimated recovery in fire‐affected fauna, inform conservation status assessments management. Location Temperate subtropical Australia. Time period 2019–2030 beyond. Major taxa terrestrial freshwater vertebrates; one invertebrate group. Methods From > 1,050 taxa, selected 173 whose distributions substantially overlapped fire extent. We proportion of each taxon’s distribution affected by fires, using severity aquatic impact mapping, new mapping. Using expert elicitation informed evidence responses previous wildfires, local fires varying severity. combined spatial data estimate overall loss trajectories, thus indicate potential eligibility for listing as threatened, or uplisting, under legislation. Results that megafires caused, contributed to, declines make 70–82 eligible threatened; another 21–27 uplisting. If so‐listed, this represents a 22–26% increase statutory lists threatened vertebrates spiny crayfish, uplisting 8–10% taxa. Such changes would cause an abrupt worsening underlying trajectories vertebrates, measured Red List Indices. predict 54–88% assessed will not recover pre‐fire size within 10 years/three generations. Main conclusions suggest have worsened prospects many species. Of 91 recommended listing/uplisting consideration, 84 are now formal review through national processes. Improving predictions about taxon vulnerability empirical on responses, reducing likelihood future catastrophic events mitigating their impacts biodiversity, critical.

Язык: Английский

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Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver–response relationships to develop conceptual models across ecosystems

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 98(4), С. 1388 - 1423

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023

ABSTRACT Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. differentiation, in turn, increasing Overall, changes the dissimilarities (termed ‘beta diversity’) an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change Anthropocene. Empirical evidence biotic and differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta‐analyses quantify prevalence direction beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying drivers such changes. By conceptualising mechanisms that contribute or composition space, environmental managers conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required sustain predict potential outcomes future disturbances. We systematically reviewed synthesised published empirical for terrestrial, marine, freshwater realms derive conceptual models explain diversity. pursued five key themes our review: ( i ) temporal change; ii disturbance regime; iii connectivity alteration species redistribution; iv habitat v trophic interactions. Our first model highlights how occur function local (alpha) diversity regional (gamma) independently invasions losses due occurrence assemblages. Second, magnitude depends on interaction between variation (patchiness) (synchronicity) events. Third, context redistribution, divergent have dispersal characteristics, associated with also strongly alpha gamma prior invasion. Fourth, positively linked variability, when heterogeneity decreases increases, respectively. Fifth, interactions influence via modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, by altering ecosystem productivity. synthesis multitude cause more less spatially similar (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through consider studies should aim enhance collective understanding systems clarifying driving focusing only reporting per se .

Язык: Английский

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Impact of human intervention and predator–prey dynamics on ecosystem virus transmission

Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 35(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Humans and predators occupy dominant positions in ecosystems are generally believed to play a decisive role maintaining ecosystem stability, particularly the context of virus transmission. However, this may not always be case. By establishing some transmission models that cover both human perspectives predators, we have drawn following conclusions: (1) Controlling vaccination activities from perspective can potentially lower rate improve herd immunity, thereby indirectly protecting unvaccinated risk groups. (2) In ecosystem, does determine spread viruses. Once ecological balance between prey is disrupted, there scenarios where predator populations die out, overpopulate, or go extinct. such cases, has little impact, system cannot restore itself new equilibrium state. case, even if humans intervene, it difficult change fate species extinction. (3) situations maintain stable state, attitudes actions critical. Human intervention directly affect recovery hosts, rapidly reducing infection mitigating harm caused by virus. If do remain infected for long time, posing serious threat ecosystem.

Язык: Английский

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A moving target—incorporating knowledge of the spatial ecology of fish into the assessment and management of freshwater fish populations

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 188(4)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Toward a better understanding of freshwater fish responses to an increasingly drought-stricken world

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(1), С. 71 - 92

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Selective fragmentation and the management of fish movement across anthropogenic barriers

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 28(8), С. 2066 - 2081

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2018

Abstract Disruption of movement patterns due to alterations in habitat connectivity is a pervasive effect humans on animal populations. In many terrestrial and aquatic systems, there increasing tension between the need simultaneously allow passage some species while blocking other species. We explore ecological basis for selective fragmentation riverine systems where restrict movements invasive conflicts with commercial, recreational, or conservation concern. develop trait‐based framework fish based understanding types displayed by fishes role filters determining spatial distributions fishes. then synthesize information mechanisms involved these create multidimensional niche space attributes such as physical capabilities, body morphology, sensory behavior, phenology. Following this, we review how have been applied achieve across anthropogenic barriers. To date, trap‐and‐sort capture‐translocation efforts provide best options that are completely selective, but methods hampered continual, high cost manual sorting. Other less effective risk collateral damage form lower higher than desired levels passage. Fruitful areas future work include using combinations behavioral traits passively segregate species; taxon‐specific chemical auditory cues direct unwanted away from passageways into traps attracting desirable passageways; developing automated sorting recognition systems. The approach proposed could serve template

Язык: Английский

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River network connectivity and fish diversity

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 689, С. 21 - 30

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2019

Язык: Английский

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