PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
12(9), С. e0182868 - e0182868
Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2017
Human
activities
introduce
a
variety
of
chemicals
to
the
Laurentian
Great
Lakes
including
pesticides,
pharmaceuticals,
flame
retardants,
plasticizers,
and
solvents
(collectively
referred
as
contaminants
emerging
concern
or
CECs)
potentially
threatening
vitality
these
valuable
ecosystems.
We
conducted
basin-wide
study
identify
presence
CECs
other
interest
in
12
U.S.
tributaries
during
2013
2014.
A
total
292
surface-water
80
sediment
samples
were
collected
analyzed
for
approximately
200
chemicals.
32
28
detected
at
least
30%
water
samples,
respectively.
Concentrations
ranged
from
0.0284
(indole)
72.2
(cholesterol)
μg/L
1.75
(diphenhydramine)
20,800
μg/kg
(fluoranthene)
sediment.
Cluster
analyses
revealed
that
frequently
co-occurred
such
pharmaceuticals
retardants
sites
receiving
similar
inputs
wastewater
treatment
plant
effluent.
Comparison
environmental
concentrations
sediment-quality
benchmarks
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbon
often
exceeded
both
Additionally,
bis(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
dichlorvos
water-quality
several
rivers.
Results
this
can
be
used
understand
organism
exposure,
prioritize
river
basins
future
management
efforts,
guide
detailed
assessments
factors
influencing
transport
fate
Basin.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
51(11), С. 6053 - 6062
Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2017
Bisphenol
A
(BPA)
is
an
endocrine-disrupting
compound
widely
used
in
the
plastic
industry
and
found
natural
waters
at
concentrations
considered
harmful
for
aquatic
life.
BPA
susceptible
to
oxidation
by
Mn(III/IV)
oxides,
which
are
commonly
near-surface
environments.
Here,
we
quantify
rates
formation
of
its
predominant
product,
4-hydroxycumyl
alcohol
(HCA),
tandem
with
transformation
a
synthetic,
Mn(III)-rich
δ-MnO2.
To
investigate
effect
Mn
oxide
structural
changes
on
rate,
12
sequential
additions
80
μM
performed
pH
7.
During
additions,
rate
decreases
3
orders
magnitude,
HCA
yield
from
40%
3%.
This
attributed
accumulation
interlayer
Mn(II/III)
produced
during
reaction,
as
observed
using
X-ray
absorption
spectroscopy,
well
additional
spectroscopic
wet
chemical
techniques.
oxidized
that
12.6
times
slower
than
accumulates
solution.
These
results
demonstrate
degradation
environmentally
relevant
oxides
inhibited
buildup
solid-phase
Mn(II/III),
specifically
sites.
Nevertheless,
may
limit
migration
environments
have
potential
use
drinking
wastewater
treatment.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
686, С. 995 - 1009
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2019
Chemical
monitoring
data
were
collected
in
surface
waters
from
57
Great
Lakes
tributaries
2010
to
13
identify
chemicals
of
potential
biological
relevance
and
sites
at
which
these
occur.
Traditional
water-quality
benchmarks
for
aquatic
life
based
on
vivo
toxicity
available
34
67
evaluated
chemicals.
To
expand
evaluation
effects,
measured
chemical
concentrations
compared
chemical-specific
activities
determined
high-throughput
(ToxCast)
vitro
assays.
Resulting
exposure-activity
ratios
(EARs)
used
prioritize
the
greatest
concern:
4‑nonylphenol,
bisphenol
A,
metolachlor,
atrazine,
DEET,
caffeine,
tris(2‑butoxyethyl)
phosphate,
tributyl
triphenyl
benzo(a)pyrene,
fluoranthene,
benzophenone.
Water-quality
unavailable
five
chemicals,
but
remaining
seven,
EAR-based
prioritization
was
consistent
with
that
quotients
calculated
benchmarks.
identified
three
additional
PAHs
(anthracene,
phenanthrene,
pyrene)
not
prioritized
using
EARs.
Through
this
analysis,
an
EAR
10-3
as
a
reasonable
threshold
above
might
be
concern.
better
understand
apical
hazards
potentially
associated
captured
ToxCast
assays,
bioactivity
matched
adverse
outcome
pathway
(AOP)
information.
The
49
assays
via
analysis
aligned
23
potentially-relevant
AOPs
present
AOP-Wiki.
Mixture
effects
monitored
estimated
by
summation
values
multiple
individual
assay
or
AOP.
Commonly
predicted
outcomes
included
impacts
reproduction
mitochondrial
function.
approach
provided
screening-level
assessment
evidence-based
effects.
aids
future
provides
testable
hypotheses
help
focus
those
efforts.
This
also
expands
fraction
detected
biologically-based
benchmark
are
contextualize
results.
Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
5, С. 62 - 78
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
In
response
to
the
novel
coronavirus
referred
as
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
–
a
virus
that
causes
COVID-19
disease
has
led
wide
use
of
sanitizers
and
disinfectants.
This,
in
turn,
triggered
concerns
on
their
potential
deleterious
effects
human
health
environment
due
numerous
chemicals
incorporated
both
product
categories.
Here,
current
state
science
regarding
occurrence
ecological
different
classes
these
products
(e.g.,
ultraviolent
filters,
fragrances,
etc.)
are
summarized
natural
rivers)
engineered
wastewater
treatment
plants)
systems.
Data
collected
literature
suggests
disinfectants
present
environment,
large
portion
toxic
fish,
algae,
daphnia.
Using
risk
quotient
approach
based
data,
we
found
eight
posed
highest
aquatic
organisms
freshwater
systems
were
benzalkonium
chloride,
4-chloro-m-cresol,
sodium
ortho
phenyl
phenate,
hydrogen
peroxide,
1,
2-propanediol,
4-Methyl-benzilidine-camphor,
ethylhexyl
methoxy
cinnamate,
octocrylene.
Considering
limited
information
for
most
chemicals,
further
studies
environmental
monitoring
consequences
long-term
exposure
ecosystems
recommended.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025
Abstract
Surface
water
concentrations
of
per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
potential
for
resulting
biological
effects
were
estimated
in
a
study
using
Polar
Organic
Chemical
Integrative
Samplers
(POCIS)
from
60
tributary
sites
within
20
watersheds
the
Great
Lakes
Basin
2018.
Sites
represented
range
urban
to
agricultural,
forested,
wetland
land
uses
included
gradient
wastewater
treatment
effluent
zero
44%
annual
streamflow.
Several
also
had
airport
influence.
Twenty-one
32
targeted
PFAS
compounds
detected
POCIS
samplers,
which,
16
available
sampling
rates
enabling
time-weighted
concentration
estimates
comparison
with
data.
Estimated
compared
published
quality
guidelines
(available
nine
PFAS),
effect
reported
primary
literature
ECOTOX
Knowledgebase
apical
endpoints
(10
PFAS)
non-apical
vitro
high-throughput
screening
data
ToxCast
(14
PFAS).
Based
on
conservative
evaluation
approach
that
was
weighted
persistence
limitations
toxicological
information,
five
individual
PFAS,
including
Perfluorooctanesulfonic
acid,
Perfluorohexanesulfonic
Perfluorobutanesulfonic
Perfluorooctanoic
Perfluorononanoic
acid
identified
as
warranting
additional
investigation.
Possible
increased
potency
mixtures
over
chemical
effects,
by
summation
exposure-activity
ratios
(EARs)
chemicals
influence
common
assays
specified
gene
targets,
indicated
EAR
values
up
5.6-fold
14
contributing
mixture
predictions.
Potential
summed
ratios,
correlated
use
proportion
streamflow
contributed
effluent.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
51(17), С. 9960 - 9969
Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2017
In
this
study,
we
measured
the
concentrations
of
65
flame
retardants
in
water
samples
from
five
Lake
Michigan
tributaries.
These
included
organophosphate
esters
(OPEs),
brominated
(BFRs),
and
Dechlorane-related
compounds.
A
total
59
samples,
including
both
particulate
dissolved
phases,
were
collected
Grand,
Kalamazoo,
Saint
Joseph,
Lower
Fox
rivers
Indiana
Harbor
Ship
Canal
(IHSC)
2015.
OPEs
most
abundant
among
targeted
compounds
with
geometric
mean
ranging
20
to
54
ng/L;
OPE
comparable
BFR
about
1
ng/L,
most-abundant
bis(2-ethylhexyl)
tetrabromophthalate,
2-ethylhexyl
2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate,
decabromodiphenyl
ether.
The
highest
either
IHSC
or
Joseph
River.
dechlorane-related
detected
at
low
(<1
pg/L).
fraction
target
phase
relative
varied
by
chemical
tended
increase
their
octanol-water
partition
coefficient.
loading
all
tributaries
into
<10
kg/year
for
BFRs
500
OPEs.
Environmental Research,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
192, С. 110284 - 110284
Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2020
PFOS,
PFOA,
PFNA
and
PFHxS
are
the
PFAS
substances
that
currently
contribute
most
to
human
exposure,
in
2020
European
Food
Safety
Authority
(EFSA)
presented
a
draft
opinion
on
tolerable
intake
of
8
ng/kg/week
for
sum
these
four
(equaling
0.42
μg/kg
if
expressed
as
an
annual
dose).
Diet
is
usually
dominating
exposure
pathway,
particular
PFOS
has
been
shown
be
strongly
related
consumption
fish
seafood.
Those
who
eat
freshwater
may
especially
at
risk
since
its
biota
typically
display
higher
concentrations
than
marine
systems.
In
this
study,
we
estimated
range
among
average
Swedish
"normal"
"high"
consumers
fish.
By
mean
persons
weight
average-sized
portions.
The
"normal
consumers"
were
assumed
3
times
per
year,
"high
once
week.
Under
assumptions,
yearly
reached
when
equals
59
3.4
μg
kg
meat.
For
muscle
tissue
edible-sized
perch,
pike
pikeperch
retrieved
from
three
different
datasets,
covering
both
rural
urban
regions
total
78
inland
waters.
Mean
sites
varied
0.3
750
μg/kg.
From
available
data,
min-max
dietary
male
was
found
0.0021–5.4
μg/kg/yr
evaluated
scenarios,
with
median
values
0.02–0.16
μg/kg/yr.
consumers",
0.04–93
μg/kg/yr,
being
0.27–1.6
women,
estimates
slightly
lower,
about
79%
men.
Despite
highly
variable
sites,
conclude
commonly
consumed
species
Sweden
constitute
important
source
even
people
kind
only
few
year.
analyses
showed
which
all
below
detection
limit,
their
contribution
via
negligible
comparison
PFOS.