The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
806, С. 150494 - 150494
Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2021
Flame
retardants
(FRs)
are
widely
used
in
consumer
products
including
furniture
foam
and
electronic
equipment
such
as
computers,
monitors
TVs.
Over
time,
FRs
can
easily
migrate
into
the
surrounding
environments.
Since
brominated
(BFRs)
has
been
determined
of
high
concern
due
to
their
environmental
persistence,
bioaccumulation
potential
toxicity,
novel
have
emerged.
The
present
study
was
aimed
at
identifying
quantifying
indoor
levels
41
legacy
FRs,
which
include
20
OPFRs
21
HFRs
(8
PBDEs,
3
HBCDDs,
5
NBFRs
DECs)
Tarragona
Province
(Catalonia,
Spain).
results
confirmed
presence
both
air
dust
homes,
schools
offices.
To
best
our
knowledge,
this
is
first
European
measuring
office
environments
also
confirming
following
OPFRs:
TEP,
TCIPP,
T2IPPP,
TPPO,
DCP,
TMCP
B4IPPPP
air,
even
some
them
levels.
general
TCIPP
particular
showed
concentrations
(94,599
pg/m3
72,281
pg/m3,
respectively)
(32,084
ng/g
13,496
ng/g,
samples
collected
HBCDDs
were
found
(32,185
ng/g),
whereas
PBDEs
DECs
low
matrices
(<160
<832
dust).
higher
than
two
groups,
supported
by
current
restrictions
these
(640
1291
Samples
had
significantly
lower
NBFRs,
but
home
samples,
while
those
Regarding
human
health
risks,
assessment
suggests
that
derived
from
exposure
-although
close-
assumable
evidencing
for
non-carcinogenic
carcinogenic
mainly
main
contributor
together
with
ΣHBCDDs
EHDPP.
Environment International,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
127, С. 35 - 51
Опубликована: Март 19, 2019
Given
the
ongoing
studies
on
adverse
effects
of
organophosphate
ester
(OPE)
flame
retardants
and
plasticizers
human
health,
there
is
an
increasing
scientific
interest
in
risk
exposure
to
OPEs
via
dietary
intake.
Using
peer-reviewed
literature
published
up
2018,
this
review
surveyed
compiled
available
reported
data
concentrations
distributions
30
based
their
occurrence
various
food
samples
from
around
world.
Regardless
sampling
locations
or
categories,
22
were
detectable
at
least
one
analyzed
sample,
clear
variations
OPE
levels
among
different
categories.
For
instance,
cereals
fats/oils
most
contaminated
by
China
Belgium,
whereas
desserts
main
polluted
products
Sweden.
In
contrast,
vegetables,
fruits,
fluid
dairy
products,
as
primary
categories
Australia.
Animal-based
such
eggs,
fish
meat
contaminated,
highest
median
found
United
State.
The
distribution
patterns
foodstuffs
demonstrated
a
tremendous
difference
even
when
collected
same
country
item.
Rice
had
tris(2‑chloroethyl)
phosphate
(TCEP,
mean:
29.8
ng/g
dw)
levels,
2‑ethylhexyl‑diphenyl
(EHDPP,
4.17
ww),
triphenyl
(TPHP,
26.14
tris(2-chloroisopropyl)
(TCIPP,
0.87
ww)
tributyl
(TNBP,
median:
0.55
category
Sweden,
Australia,
States,
respectively.
These
discrepancies
may
be
due
variety
reasons
differences
physico-chemical
properties,
extent
usage,
uptake,
metabolic
pathways,
industrial
manufacturing
processes,
level
function
habitat,
accumulation
degradability
species.
It
worth
noting
that,
its
worldwide
usage
packaging
materials,
EHDPP
was
more
prominently
processed
compared
non-processed
food.
Based
foods,
conducted
preliminary
assessment
through
intake,
which
suggested
that
estimated
daily
intake
(EDI)
for
humans
880
ng/kg
bw/day
(95th
percentile).
This
value
well
below
corresponding
health
reference
dose
given
U.S.
EPA
(≥15,000
bw/day).
Even
so,
not
negligible
some
important
factors
dilution
effects,
cooking
contribution
yet
unknown
means
exposure.
Overall,
highlights
several
gaps
our
understanding
foodstuffs:
1)
investigation
contamination
should
extended
other
regions,
especially
North
America
European
countries,
where
are
widely
used
frequently
detected
environmental
samples,
2)
newly
identified
derivatives/by-products,
e.g.,
OP
diesters
hydroxylated
metabolites,
have
been
end-products
enzymatic
metabolism
degradation
aqueous
hydrolysis,
co-exist
with
parent
OPEs,
could
also
screened
precursor
future
studies.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
20(12), С. 2874 - 2874
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2019
Organophosphate
flame
retardants
(OPFRs)
have
been
detected
in
various
environmental
matrices
and
identified
as
emerging
contaminants
(EC).
Given
the
adverse
influence
of
OPFRs,
many
researchers
focused
on
absorption,
bioaccumulation,
metabolism,
internal
exposure
processes
OPFRs
animals
humans.
This
paper
first
reviews
evolution
types
(FRs)
pollution
different
absorption
pathways
by
humans
(such
inhalation,
ingestion,
skin
absorption),
then
summarizes
impacts
including
their
biological
toxicity,
persistence,
migration,
endocrine
disruption
carcinogenicity.
Based
limited
available
data
results,
this
study
also
bioaccumulation
biomagnification
potential
food
nets.
In
addition,
a
new
governance
idea
for
replacement
existing
from
source
is
proposed,
seeking
environmentally
friendly
alternatives
to
order
provide
ideas
theoretical
guidance
removal
OPFRs.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
55(9), С. 5836 - 5847
Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2021
Current
environmental
monitoring
studies
are
generally
confined
to
several
target
organophosphate
esters
(OPEs),
and
there
is
a
lack
of
strategies
for
comprehensively
screening
all
potential
OPEs
in
samples.
Here,
an
effective
accurate
strategy
was
developed
the
target,
suspect,
functional
group-dependent
by
use
ultrahigh-performance
liquid
chromatography-Q
Exactive
hybrid
quadrupole-Orbitrap
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap
HRMS),
this
applied
analysis
n
=
74
sediment
samples
(including
23
surface
51
core
samples)
collected
from
Taihu
Lake
(eastern
China)
2019.
In
these
analyzed
samples,
we
successfully
identified
35
OPEs,
them
were
reported
region
first
time.
addition,
also
presented
other
interesting
findings,
i.e.,
(1)
OPE
concentrations
decreased
with
increasing
distance
coast
lake;
(2)
newly
3-hydroxyphenyl
diphenyl
phosphate
(meta-OH-TPHP)
not
statistically
significantly
correlated
triphenyl
(TPHP;
r
0.02494,
p
0.9101)
but
resorcinol
bis(diphenyl
phosphate)
(RDP)
(r
0.9271,
<
0.0001)
three
OPEs;
(3)
summed
aryl
(∑arylOPEs)
exhibited
trends
as
depth
decreased.
Collectively,
study
provided
that
comprehensive
sediments
Lake,
could
have
promising
be
extended
matrices
or
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
57(5), С. 1907 - 1918
Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023
Organophosphate
esters
(OPEs)
discharged
from
wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
have
attracted
increasing
concerns
because
of
their
potential
risks
to
aquatic
ecosystems.
The
identification
the
structures
OPEs
is
a
prerequisite
for
subsequent
assessment
environmental
impacts,
which
could
hardly
be
accomplished
using
traditional
target
analytical
methods.
In
this
study,
we
describe
use
suspect
and
nontarget
screening
techniques
organophosphate
triesters
diesters
(tri-OPEs
di-OPEs)
in
influent
effluent
samples
acquired
25
municipal
WWTPs
across
China.
There
are
totally
33
different
OPE
molecules
identified,
11
detected
first
time
4
new
public.
all
tested
samples,
di-OPEs
account
significant
portion
(53%
on
average)
total
(ng/L−μg/L).
More
importantly,
most
not
eliminated
after
these
WWTPs,
while
some
even
accumulate.
research
priority
based
ecological
risk
was
also
analyzed,
results
reflected
previously
unrecognized
exposure
emerging
living
organisms.
These
findings
present
holistic
understanding
relevance
country
scale,
will
hopefully
provide
guidance
upgrade
protocols
modification
governmental
regulations
future.