Plant and Soil,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
475(1-2), С. 213 - 236
Опубликована: Март 24, 2022
Abstract
Background
Biochar-based
fertilizer
products
(BCF)
have
been
reported
to
increase
both
crop
yield
and
N-use
efficiency.
Such
positive
effects
are
often
assumed
result
from
the
slow-release
of
N
adsorbed
on
BCF
structures.
However,
a
careful
review
literature
suggests
that
actual
mechanisms
remain
uncertain,
which
hampers
development
efficient
products.
Scope
Here,
we
aim
at
reviewing
responsible
for
enhanced
uptake
by
plants,
evaluate
potential
further
improvement.
We
capacity
biochar
structures
adsorb
release
forms,
properties
supporting
this
effect,
methods
proposed
enhance
effect.
Conclusions
Current
show
insufficient
sorption
retention
forms
support
production
BCFs
high
enough
concentration.
Substantial
appear
require
conventional
coating
technology.
Sorption
can
be
improved
through
activation
additives,
but
currently
not
extent
needed
concentrated
BCFs.
Positive
commercial
containing
small
amount
pyrolysis-derived
biostimulants.
Our
highlights
three
prospects
improving
retention:
1)
NH
3
gas
specifically
activated
biochar,
2)
synergies
between
clay
porosities,
might
provide
economical
enhancement,
3)
physical
loading
solid
within
biochar.
Beyond
proof
concept,
quantitative
nutrient
studies
ascertain
future
deliver
expected
use
GCB Bioenergy,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
13(11), С. 1731 - 1764
Опубликована: Июль 27, 2021
Abstract
We
synthesized
20
years
of
research
to
explain
the
interrelated
processes
that
determine
soil
and
plant
responses
biochar.
The
properties
biochar
its
effects
within
agricultural
ecosystems
largely
depend
on
feedstock
pyrolysis
conditions.
describe
three
stages
reactions
in
soil:
dissolution
(1–3
weeks);
reactive
surface
development
(1–6
months);
aging
(beyond
6
months).
As
ages,
it
is
incorporated
into
aggregates,
protecting
carbon
promoting
stabilization
rhizodeposits
microbial
products.
Biochar
persists
for
hundreds
thousands
years.
By
increasing
pH,
porosity,
water
availability,
biochars
can
create
favorable
conditions
root
functions.
Biochars
catalyze
biotic
abiotic
reactions,
particularly
rhizosphere,
increase
nutrient
supply
uptake
by
plants,
reduce
phytotoxins,
stimulate
development,
resilience
disease
environmental
stressors.
Meta‐analyses
found
that,
average,
P
availability
a
factor
4.6;
decrease
tissue
concentration
heavy
metals
17%–39%;
build
organic
through
negative
priming
3.8%
(range
−21%
+20%);
non‐CO
2
greenhouse
gas
emissions
from
12%–50%.
show
average
crop
yield
increases
10%–42%
with
addition,
greatest
low‐nutrient
P‐sorbing
acidic
soils
(common
tropics),
sandy
drylands
due
retention
holding
capacity.
Studies
report
wide
range
diversity
contexts
which
have
been
applied.
Crop
yields
strongly
if
site‐specific
constraints
limitations
are
mitigated
appropriate
formulations.
be
tailored
address
site
selection,
modifying
conditions,
pre‐
or
post‐production
treatments,
co‐application
mineral
fertilizers.
demonstrate
how,
when
used
wisely,
mitigates
climate
change
supports
food
security
circular
economy.
Plants,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
10(2), С. 238 - 238
Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2021
Rising
world
population
is
expected
to
increase
the
demand
for
nitrogen
fertilizers
improve
crop
yield
and
ensure
food
security.
With
existing
challenges
on
low
nutrient
use
efficiency
(NUE)
of
urea
its
environmental
concerns,
controlled
release
(CRFs)
have
become
a
potential
solution
by
formulating
them
synchronize
according
requirement
plants.
However,
most
significant
challenge
that
persists
"tailing"
effect,
which
reduces
economic
benefits
in
terms
maximum
fertilizer
utilization.
High
materials
cost
also
obstacle
restraining
widespread
application
CRF
agriculture.
The
first
part
this
review
covers
issues
related
conventional
CRFs
general.
In
subsequent
sections,
different
raw
utilized
form
CRFs,
focusing
inorganic
organic
synthetic
natural
polymers
alongside
their
physical
chemical
preparation
methods,
are
compared.
Important
factors
affecting
rate
release,
mechanism
mathematical
modelling
approaches
predict
discussed.
This
aims
provide
better
overview
developments
regarding
past
ten
years,
trends
identified
analyzed
an
insight
future
works
field
GCB Bioenergy,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
13(11), С. 1708 - 1730
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2021
Abstract
Biochar
is
obtained
by
pyrolyzing
biomass
and
is,
definition,
applied
in
a
way
that
avoids
its
rapid
oxidation
to
CO
2
.
Its
use
agriculture
includes
animal
feeding,
manure
treatment
(e.g.
as
additive
for
bedding,
composting,
storage
or
anaerobic
digestion),
fertilizer
component
direct
soil
application.
Because
the
feedstock
carbon
photosynthetically
fixed
from
atmosphere,
producing
applying
biochar
essentially
dioxide
removal
(CDR)
technology,
which
has
high‐technology
readiness
level.
However,
swift
implementation
of
pyrogenic
capture
(PyCCS),
needs
deliver
co‐benefits,
example,
improving
crop
yields
ecosystem
services
and/or
climate
change
resilience
ameliorating
key
properties.
Agronomic
research
rapidly
evolving
field
moving
less
than
100
publications
2010
more
15,000
end
2020.
Here,
we
summarize
26
rigorously
selected
meta‐analyses
published
since
2016
investigated
multitude
properties
agronomic
performance
parameters
impacted
application,
effects
on
yield,
root
biomass,
water
efficiency,
microbial
activity,
organic
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
All
show
compelling
evidence
overall
beneficial
effect
all
parameters.
One
remaining
challenges
standardization
basic
analysis,
still
lacking
many
studies.
Incomplete
characterization
increases
uncertainty
because
adverse
individual
studies
included
might
be
related
low‐quality
biochars,
would
not
qualify
certification
subsequent
high
content
contaminants,
salinity,
incomplete
pyrolysis,
etc.).
In
summary,
our
systematic
review
suggests
potential
combine
CDR
with
significant
environmental
co‐benefits.
Environmental Science and Ecotechnology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
10, С. 100167 - 100167
Опубликована: Март 5, 2022
Increasing
global
population
and
decreasing
arable
land
pose
tremendous
pressures
to
agricultural
production.
The
application
of
conventional
chemical
fertilizers
improves
production,
but
causes
serious
environmental
problems
significant
economic
burdens.
Biochar
gains
increasing
interest
as
a
soil
amendment.
Recently,
more
attentions
have
been
paid
biochar-based
slow-release
(SRFs)
due
the
unique
properties
biochar.
This
review
summarizes
recent
advances
in
development,
synthesis,
application,
tentative
mechanism
SRFs.
development
mainly
undergoes
three
stages:
(i)
amendment
using
biochar,
(ii)
interactions
between
nutrients
(iii)
Various
methods
are
proposed
improve
fertilizer
efficiency
majorly
including
in-situ
pyrolysis,
co-pyrolysis,
impregnation,
encapsulation,
granulation.
Considering
distinct
features
different
methods,
integrated
promising
for
fabricating
effective
in-depth
understanding
nutrient
loading
slow
release
is
discussed
based
on
current
knowledge.
Additionally,
perspectives
challenges
potential
SRFs
described.
Knowledge
surveyed
from
this
indicates
that
applying
viable
way
promoting
sustainable
agriculture.
Abstract
Globally,
nitrogen
(N)
fertilizer
demand
is
expected
to
reach
112
million
tonnes
support
food
production
for
about
8
billion
people.
However,
more
than
half
of
the
N
lost
environment
with
impacts
on
air,
water
and
soil
quality,
biodiversity.
Importantly,
loss
contributes
greenhouse
gas
emissions
climate
change.
Nevertheless,
where
application
limited,
severe
depletion
fertility
has
become
a
major
constraint
sustainable
agriculture.
To
address
issues
low
use
efficiency
(NUE),
biochar-based
fertilizers
(BBNFs)
have
been
developed
reduce
off-site
maximize
crop
uptake.
These
products
are
generally
made
through
physical
mixing
biochar
or
via
coating
chemical
such
as
prilled
urea
biochar.
This
review
aims
describe
manufacturing
processes
BBNFs,
critically
assess
effects
properties,
yield
pathways.
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