Toxics,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
9(9), С. 224 - 224
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2021
Recently,
studies
on
microplastics
(MPs)
have
increased
rapidly
due
to
the
growing
awareness
of
potential
health
risks
related
their
occurrence.
The
first
part
this
review
is
devoted
MP
occurrence,
distribution,
and
quantification.
MPs
can
be
transferred
from
environment
humans
mainly
through
inhalation,
secondly
ingestion,
and,
a
lesser
extent,
dermal
contact.
As
regards
food
web
contamination,
we
discuss
microplastic
presence
not
only
in
most
investigated
sources,
such
as
seafood,
drinking
water,
salts,
but
also
other
foods
honey,
sugar,
milk,
fruit,
meat
(chickens,
cows,
pigs).
All
literature
data
suggest
not-negligible
human
exposure
above-mentioned
routes.
Consequently,
several
research
efforts
been
assessing
risks.
Initially,
toxicological
were
conducted
with
aquatic
organisms
then
experimental
mammal
animal
models
cell
cultures.
In
latter
case,
effects
observed
at
high
concentrations
(polystyrene
common
benchmark)
for
short
time.
Further
must
performed
assess
real
consequences
contamination
low
prolonged
exposure.
Environmental Pollution,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
292, С. 118393 - 118393
Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2021
Microplastics
are
a
pollutant
of
growing
concern,
capable
harming
aquatic
organisms
and
entering
the
food
web.
While
freshwater
microplastic
research
has
expanded
in
recent
years,
much
remains
unknown
regarding
sources
delivery
pathways
microplastics
these
environments.
This
review
aims
to
address
scientific
literature
spatial
temporal
factors
affecting
global
distributions
abundances.
A
total
75
papers,
published
through
June
2021
containing
an
earliest
publication
date
October
2014,
was
identified
by
Web
Science
database
search.
Microplastic
heavily
influenced
anthropogenic
factors,
with
higher
concentrations
reported
regions
characterized
urban
land
cover,
high
population
density,
wastewater
treatment
plant
effluent.
Spatial
may
also
be
affected
physical
watershed
characteristics
such
as
slope
elevation
(positive
negative
correlations
concentrations,
respectively),
although
few
studies
factors.
Temporal
variables
influence
include
precipitation
stormwater
runoff
correlations)
water
flow/discharge
(negative
correlations).
Despite
overarching
trends,
variations
study
results
due
differing
scales
or
contributing
area
delineations.
Thus,
more
rigorous
standardized
analytical
methods
needed.
Future
could
simultaneously
evaluate
both
incorporate
finer
resolutions
into
sampling
campaigns.
Microplastics
have
become
one
of
the
leading
environmental
threats
due
to
their
persistence,
ubiquity
and
intrinsic
toxic
potential.
The
potential
harm
that
microplastics
impose
on
ecosystems
varies
from
direct
effects
(i.e.,
entanglement
ingestion)
ability
sorb
a
diversity
pollutants
(e.g.,
heavy
metals,
persistent
organic
compounds
or
pharmaceuticals).
Therefore,
toxicological
assessment
combined
sorbed
can
produce
in
biota
is
hottest
topics
toxicology
field.
This
review
aims
clarify
main
impacts
this
interaction
could
by
(1)
highlighting
principal
factors
influence
sorption
capacities;
(2)
discussing
scenarios
which
may
an
essential
role
bioaccumulation
transfer
chemicals;
(3)
reviewing
recently
published
studies
describing
caused
combination
chemicals.
Finally,
discussion
regarding
need
for
new
generation
presented.
Cell Reports Physical Science,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
2(8), С. 100514 - 100514
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2021
Various
recycling
technologies
have
been
developed
to
deal
with
plastic
problems,
but
they
face
considerable
economic
and
technological
challenges
in
practice.
An
attractive
alternative
is
upcycling,
which
aims
dig
out
the
embedded
value
incentivize
large-scale
valorization
of
wastes.
The
degradation
nonrecoverable
wastes
another
necessity
treat
omnipresent
pollution.
This
review
presents
an
overview
on
conversion
toward
value-added
products
catalytic
Based
examination
traditional
products,
we
summarize
state-of-the-art
design
development
high-value
high-performance
fuels,
chemicals,
materials.
Subsequently,
highlight
advances
plastics
environmentally
benign
or
degradable
mineralization
into
carbon
dioxide
water.
We
conclude
our
perspective
ongoing
challenge
opportunities.
