Managing climate-change refugia to prevent extinctions

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 39(9), С. 800 - 808

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

HighlightsClimate-change refugia can support biodiversity by maintaining buffered conditions despite climate change and are a critical tool for the unfolding extinction crisis.Despite their capacity to protect biodiversity, climate-change will be increasingly vulnerable impacts of multiple interacting stressors may hence require management.Effective protection under facilitated managing or newly establishing on basis factors processes that create them.Using four clear steps, appropriate actions maintain refugia, ranging from minimal management more extensive restoration efforts, determined.Identifying reduce extinctions contribute landscapes holistically managed conservation change.AbstractEarth is facing simultaneous crises. Climate-change – areas relatively help address both these problems components when surrounding landscape no longer can. However, this often severe other stressors. Thus, need consider complex multidimensional nature refugia. We outline an approach understand refugia-promoting evaluate refugial determine suitable actions. Our framework applies as tools facilitate resistance in modern planning. Such refugia-focused change.

Язык: Английский

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Soil moisture estimation using novel bio-inspired soft computing approaches

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(1), С. 826 - 840

Опубликована: Март 22, 2022

Soil moisture (SM) is of paramount importance in irrigation scheduling, infiltration, runoff, and agricultural drought monitoring. This work aimed at evaluating the performance classical ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) model as well coupled with three bio-inspired metaheuristic optimization methods including whale algorithm (ANFIS-WOA), krill herd (ANFIS-KHA) firefly (ANFIS-FA) estimating SM. Daily air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed sunshine hours data Istanbul Bolge station Turkey soil temperature values measured over 2008–2009 were fed into models under six different scenarios. ANFIS-WOA (RMSE = 1.68, MAPE 0.04) 2.55, 0.07) exhibited best worst SM estimation, respectively. All hybrid (ANFIS-WOA, ANFIS-KHA ANFIS-FA) improved estimates, reducing RMSE by 34, 28 27% to base model, A more detailed analysis performances content intervals [15–25), [25–35) ≥35% revealed that has had lowest errors RMSEs 1.69, 1.89 1.55 intervals, From perspective under- or over-estimation values, 1.44, 0.03) under-estimation set 1.94, 0.05) showed highest accuracies. Overall, all performed better underestimation compared overestimation set.

Язык: Английский

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High resolution C-band SAR backscatter response to peatland water table depth and soil moisture: a laboratory experiment

International Journal of Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 43(14), С. 5231 - 5251

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2022

Carbon storage and active carbon sequestration within peatlands strongly depend on water table depth soil moisture availability. With increasing efforts to protect restore peatland ecosystems, the assessment of their hydrological condition is highly necessary but remains challenging. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite observations likely offer an efficient way obtain regular information with complete spatial coverage over northern peatlands. Studies have indicated that both backscatter amplitude phase are sensitive condition. Very recently, Differential Interferometric Aperture Radar (DInSAR) has been reported as being capable monitoring ground deformation patterns at millimetre scale, which a response To further investigate promise SAR for monitoring, laboratory-based polarimetric C-band system was used acquire dynamic behaviour 4 m (l) ×1 (w) × 0.25 (d) reconstructed peatland. A forced 4-month drought introduced very-high-resolution imagery taken every 2 hours, capturing details vertical patterning through peat centimetric scale. The results showed clear coherent in change level moisture. Similar responses were seen across all polarizations. Phase demonstrated deterministic experiment; average differential increase polarizations 118° 17 cm drawdown. Interpreted physical movement surface, this corresponded 8.3 mm surface subsidence. Both changes near-linear depth; correspondingly strong concomitant mean decrease 7 dB during experiment. demonstrate close sensitivity ecosystem. result, particular, supports notion from satellites can be utilized measure proxy state.

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying wetness variability in aapa mires with Sentinel‐2: towards improved monitoring of an EU priority habitat

Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(2), С. 172 - 187

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2023

Abstract Aapa mires are waterlogged northern peatland ecosystems characterized by a patterned surface structure where water‐filled depressions (‘flarks’) alternate with drier hummock strings. As one of the EU Habitat Directive priority habitats, aapa important for biodiversity and carbon cycling, harbouring several red‐listed species supporting unique communities. Due to their sensitivity hydrological disturbances, reliable, up‐to‐date systematic information on condition responses is crucial required multiple purposes ranging from exchange modelling Habitats reporting conservation ecosystem restoration planning. Here, we demonstrate usability Sentinel‐2 satellite data in semi‐automatic cloud‐based approach retrieve large‐scale mire variability. Two satellite‐derived metrics, soil moisture index extent water‐saturated surfaces based pixel‐wise classification, used quantify monthly interannual wetness variation between 2017 2020 across Natura 2000 Finland, including extreme drought 2018. The results revealed high temporal variability wetness, particularly southern parts zone generally late summer months interannually. Observations showed that third usually year‐round wet flark may be exposed drying during climatic extremes. Responses varied sites regions, implicating significance environmental factors resistance: some maintained levels moisture, whereas others lost completely. Our study provides first comprehensive national‐level representation seasonal drought‐sensitivity pristine sites. methods here can directly upscaled outside protected areas other countries. Thus, they provide means harmonized, monitoring this habitat, as well valuable applications research.

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing peatland monitoring through multisource remote sensing: optical and radar data applications

International Journal of Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 45(18), С. 6372 - 6394

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2024

Peatlands play a pivotal role in global carbon cycling and the conservation of biodiversity even though they cover small fraction Earth's terrestrial surface. These ecosystems are, however, increasingly vulnerable due to climate change impacts anthropogenic activities, leading significant degradation many areas. This review compiles analyses various studies that employ remote sensing for comprehensive peatland mapping monitoring. Remote offers detailed insights into critical features, including classification vegetation, assessment water table dynamics, vegetation condition diversity estimation stocks. Furthermore, delineates utility monitoring recovery processes restored peatlands, highlighting scarcity long-term studies. It also emphasizes potential integrating hyperspectral, multispectral SAR data as well cross-scale analyses. Concluding with future directions, underscores necessity enhanced upscaling techniques, integration multi-sensor application modelling enrich our understanding management ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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A resilience sensing system for the biosphere

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(1857)

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2022

We are in a climate and ecological emergency, where change direct anthropogenic interference with the biosphere risking abrupt and/or irreversible changes that threaten our life-support systems. Efforts underway to increase resilience of some ecosystems under threat, yet collective awareness action modest at best. Here, we highlight potential for sensing system make it easier see things going wrong, whether deliberate efforts better working. focus on global terrestrial high spatial temporal resolution through satellite remote sensing, utilizing generic mathematical behaviour complex systems—loss corresponds slower recovery from perturbations, gain equates faster recovery. consider what subset can monitor, critically reviewing existing studies. Then present illustrative, results vegetation trends over last 20 years, both data model simulations. close by discussing how nested across global, biome-ecoregion, local ecosystem scales could aid management governance these different scales, identify priorities further work. This article is part theme issue ‘Ecological complexity biosphere: next 30 years’.

Язык: Английский

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Monitoring Terrestrial Ecosystem Resilience Using Earth Observation Data: Identifying Consensus and Limitations Across Metrics

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 31(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Resilience is a key feature of ecosystem dynamics reflecting system's ability to resist and recover from environmental perturbations. Slowing down in the rate recovery has been used as an early‐warning signal for abrupt transitions. Recent advances Earth observation (EO) vegetation data provide capability capture broad‐scale resilience patterns identify regions experiencing loss. However, proliferation methods evaluating using EO introduced significant uncertainty, leading contradictory estimates across approximately 73% Earth's land surface. To reconcile these perspectives, we review range associated metrics that aspects data. Using principal component analysis, empirically test relationships between most widely explore emergent within among world's biomes. Our analysis reveals 10 aggregate into four core components dynamics, highlighting multidimensional nature resilience. We also find ecosystems with slower are more resistant drought extremes. Furthermore, vary biomes types. These results illustrate inherent differences natural systems highlight need careful consideration when findings valuable insights identifying global patterns, which critically needed inform policy decisions guide conservation efforts globally.

Язык: Английский

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Higher Incidence of Strongly Evaporative Days Drives Severe Water Deficit for Ombrotrophic Peatlands

Hydrological Processes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 39(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The capacity of peatlands to sequester and store atmospheric carbon is coupled their hydrological functioning but threatened by increases in the frequency severity extreme weather. a near‐intact water‐shedding ombrotrophic blanket bog characterised here using decade‐long (2010–2021) hydro‐meteorological series. This period includes substantial drawdown water tables during 2018 UK summer heatwave. Annual peatland balances were calculated for three consecutive years (2017/2018, 2018/2019 2019/2020) comprised, on average, 930 mm precipitation (P), 335 evapotranspiration (ET), 330 runoff 0 change storage (ΔS). Average annual table depth (WTD) relates primarily available energy (net radiation − soil heat flux), while monthly average WTD driven mainly vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Summer availability (P ET) controlled more than ET drives much changes ΔS. Deeper patterns are associated with greater incidence warm, highly evaporative days, (−427 mm) reflects both low high days. By winter 2018/2019, balance had recovered, demonstrating resilience this extremes. Over recent decades, site has experienced trend towards milder, drier winters wetter summers. While increased rainfall air saturation may help offset potential temperature‐driven ET, growing risk heatwaves, enhanced losses reduced winter–spring likely impact interannual regimes, particular extent recharge drawdown, potentially compromising long‐term stability similar peatlands.

Язык: Английский

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Controls on autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in an ombrotrophic bog

Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(13), С. 3285 - 3303

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2022

Abstract. Northern peatlands are globally significant carbon stores, but the sink strength may vary from year-to-year due to variations in environmental and biogeochemical conditions. This variation is mainly brought about by changes primary production autotrophic respiration (AR; plant parts), components that we understand reasonably well. Heterotrophic (HR; soil microbial community, mycorrhizal fungi, etc.), on other hand, crudely measured simulated, which lead biased estimates if a change favours one form of over another. HR has only recently been shown be more intimately linked vegetation dynamics than once thought, particularly wetter, oligotrophic, sedge-dominated ecosystems. The objective this study determine factors relate spatial temporal variability its heterotrophic an ombrotrophic bog (Mer Bleue) where woody shrubs dominant see dynamic nature sedges also exists bog. Plot level measurements using manual chambers were used partition both sparse at site, controls explored measuring variety variables, such as air temperatures (T) water table (WT) depth. Results show AR correlate primarily with T, WT depth playing important role some cases, higher for shrub plots sedge plots, especially when levels variable. Our findings plant's response climate related plants' root structure, indicates different mechanisms obtaining resources utilizing associations plants around them. These results will improve our understanding peatland cycling, well conceptualization HR.

Язык: Английский

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Remote sensing of peatland degradation in temperate and boreal climate zones – A review of the potentials, gaps, and challenges

Ecological Indicators, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 166, С. 112437 - 112437

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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