Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers

Environmental Health Perspectives, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 129(10)

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2021

Background: To date, the toxicity of organophosphate esters has primarily been studied regarding their use as pesticides and effects on neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Currently, flame retardants plasticizers are two largest market segments for they found in a wide variety products, including electronics, building materials, vehicles, furniture, car seats, plastics, textiles. As result, metabolites routinely human urine, blood, placental tissue, breast milk across globe. It asserted that neurological minimal given do not act AChE precisely same way ester pesticides. Objectives: This commentary describes research non-AChE neurodevelopmental used (OPEs). Studies humans, mammalian, nonmammalian, vitro models presented, relevant pathways, adverse outcome described. By highlighting this scientific evidence, we hope to elevate level concern widespread exposure these OPEs provide recommendations how better protect public health. Discussion: Collectively, findings presented demonstrate can alter processes by interfering with noncholinergic pathways at environmentally doses. Application framework indicates several specific mechanisms action, perturbation glutamate gamma-aminobutyric acid disruption endocrine system. The may have implications development cognitive social skills children. Our conclusion is warranted developmental neurotoxicity OPE exposure. We thus describe important considerations reducing harm government industry decision makers. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9285

Язык: Английский

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An overview of organophosphate esters and their metabolites in humans: Analytical methods, occurrence, and biomonitoring

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 848, С. 157669 - 157669

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Organophosphate esters in UK diet; exposure and risk assessment

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 849, С. 158368 - 158368

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022

Food ingestion has been established as an important human exposure route to many environmental contaminants (brominated flame retardants, dioxins, organochlorine pesticides etc). However, information regarding dietary organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the UK remains limited. This study provides first comprehensive dataset on OPEs diet by measuring concentrations of eight 393 food samples, divided into 15 groups, collected from Birmingham, UK. All target were measured above limit quantification at least one groups analysed. Concentrations highest (mean ∑8OPEs = 18.4 ng/g wet weight (ww)) milk and products, followed those cereal products 15.9 ww), with lowest chickens' eggs 1.61 ww). Interestingly, animal-derived foods 44.2 ww) statistically indistinguishable (p˃0.05) plant-derived 36.8 Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) under mean high-end scenarios for four age considered were: toddlers (420 1547 ng/kg bw/day) ˃ children (155 836) elderly (74.3 377) adults (62.3 278) bw/day, respectively. Baby contributed 39 % toddlers, non-alcoholic beverages contributing 27 children, while (25 %) fruits (22 main contributors elderly. The foodstuffs generally same order magnitude reported other countries our estimates well below corresponding health-based values.

Язык: Английский

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Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Pregnant Women: Sources, Occurrence, and Potential Risks to Pregnancy Outcomes

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(18), С. 7109 - 7128

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2023

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are found in various environmental matrixes and human samples. Exposure to OPFRs during gestation may interfere with pregnancy, for example, inducing maternal oxidative stress hypertension interfering fetal thyroid hormone secretion neurodevelopment, causing metabolic abnormalities. However, the consequences of OPFR exposure on pregnant women, impact mother-to-child transmission OPFRs, harmful effects pregnancy outcomes have not been evaluated. This review describes women worldwide, based metabolites (mOPs) urine prenatal breast milk postnatal exposure. Predictors variability mOPs discussed. Mother-to-child pathways scrutinized, considering levels their amniotic fluid, placenta, deciduae, chorionic villi, cord blood. The results showed that bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) diphenyl (DPHP) were two predominant urine, detection frequencies >90%. estimated daily intake (EDIM) indicates low risk when infants exposed from milk. Furthermore, higher increase adverse influence developmental behavior infants. summarizes knowledge gaps highlights crucial steps assessing health risks susceptible populations, such as fetuses.

Язык: Английский

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Fluorescence turn-off sensing strategy based on Al-based MOF for selective detection of tricresyl phosphate

Analytica Chimica Acta, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1243, С. 340809 - 340809

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Organophosphate toxicity patterns: A new approach for assessing organophosphate neurotoxicity

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 470, С. 134236 - 134236

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

Organophosphorus compounds or organophosphates (OPs) are widely used as flame retardants, plasticizers, lubricants and pesticides. This contributes to their ubiquitous presence in the environment risk of human exposure. The persistence OPs bioaccumulative characteristics raise serious concerns regarding environmental health impacts. To address need for safer OPs, this study uses a New Approach Method (NAM) analyze neurotoxicity pattern 42 OPs. NAM consists 4-step process that combines computational modeling with vitro vivo experimental studies. Using spherical harmonic-based cluster analysis, were grouped into four main clusters. Experimental data quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) analysis conjunction provide information on profile each group. Results showed one identified clusters had favorable safety profile, which may help identify industrial applications. In addition, 3D-computational was meta-molecules specific 3D features. Toxicity found correspond level phosphate surface accessibility. Substances conformations minimize accessibility caused less neurotoxic effect. multi-assay could be guide classification OP toxicity, helping impacts providing rapid support chemical regulators, whilst reducing reliance animal testing.

Язык: Английский

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Occurrence and Dietary Intake of Organophosphate Esters via Animal-Origin Food Consumption in China: Results of a Chinese Total Diet Study

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 69(46), С. 13964 - 13973

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2021

Although diet is regarded as a major exposure source of organophosphate esters (OPEs), the dietary survey OPEs in China has been limited. Based on sixth Chinese Total Diet Study (TDS) conducted during 2016-2019 24 34 provinces China, 14 were detected 96 food composites from four animal-origin categories. Twelve more than 80% samples and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) presented highest median concentration (1.63 ng/g wet weight (ww)). The most contaminated composite was meat, with ∑14OPEs 13.6 ww, followed by aquatic (11.5 ww), egg (7.63 milk (3.51 ww). contribution meat group close to or even greater 50% estimated intake (EDI) OPEs. average (range) EDI via animal consumption for "standard man" 34.4 (6.18-73.3) ng/kg bodyweight (bw)/day. geographical distribution showed higher southern coastal compared northern inland provinces. Nevertheless, still 10 times lower reference dose. This first national foods China.

Язык: Английский

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Organophosphate esters in agro-foods: Occurrence, sources and emerging challenges

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 827, С. 154271 - 154271

Опубликована: Март 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Chlorinated Organophosphate Flame Retardants Impair the Lung Function via the IL-6/JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 56(24), С. 17858 - 17869

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2022

Toxicological studies have revealed the adverse impacts of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) on respiratory system, while there is a lack epidemiological evidence, and information for risk assessment remains insufficient. Herein, we investigated associations urinary metabolites OPFRs with lung function in 987 adults participating U.S. National Health Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012. The elevation three primary chlorinated [bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), bis(2-chloroethyl) (BCEP), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) (BCIPP)] was related to pulmonary dysfunction sample-weighted regression model. Each one-unit increase log-transformed levels BDCIPP BCEP 91.52 79.34 mL reductions forced vital capacity (FVC). BCIPP correlated 130.86, 153.56, 302.26, 148.24 expiratory volume 1st second (FEV1), FVC, peak flow rate (PEF), at 25-75% FVC (FEF25–75%), respectively. Then, an outcome pathway (AOP) framework constructed using Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, Toxicity Forecaster, GeneCards database. Based weight BDCIPP, BCEP, BCIPP, their parent compounds (TDCIPP, TCEP, TCIPP) may affect IL-6/Janus kinase/signal transducer activator transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, induce airway remodeling, impair function. Additionally, tobacco smoke exposure modify effects (Pint < 0.05) IL-6-mediated AOP. These results suggested that were associated via IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway.

Язык: Английский

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First Insight into the Formation of In Vivo Transformation Products of 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate in Zebrafish and Prediction of Their Potential Toxicities

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 57(1), С. 451 - 462

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2022

As a frequently detected organophosphorus flame retardant in the environment, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP) is vulnerable to biotransformation, while transformation mechanisms and potential toxicities of its products remain unclear. In present study, vivo EHDPHP exposed zebrafish for 21d were analyzed by suspect screening identified mass spectrometry. Fifteen metabolites identified, including 10 phase I 5 II with monohydroxylated being primary, among which 5-OH-EHDPHP was most predominant. Two sulfation one terminal desaturation metabolite reported first time. A density functional calculation coupled molecular docking disclosed that specific conformation docked protein pockets favored primary formation 5-OH-EHDPHP, fortified be more suitable biomarker exposure. The vitro tests suggested took place not only liver but also intestine, where gut microbes played an important role. Due lack standards, silico toxicity prediction combined indicated several potentially cause higher than EHDPHP. results provide deep insight into health risks due

Язык: Английский

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