An annual cycle perspective on energetics and locomotion of migratory animals

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 228(Suppl_1)

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2025

ABSTRACT Animal migrations, or long-distance movements, on land, through water in the air, are considered energetically costly because of investment persistent locomotion typical for migration. Diverse strategies exist to manage these energetic costs. Yet migration is only one stage an annual cycle and may not be most costly. To better understand how free-ranging animals adaptively organize energy expenditure locomotion, perspective needed. Bio-logging data collected a range animal species could facilitate life approach study expenditure. We provide examples from several studies across different taxa, as well more in-depth exploration our own recent research time activity budgets based field observations bio-logging estimate daily migratory seabird throughout year. Our has shown that highest (1.7× average expenditure) during spring gulls, whereas short-distance migrants expend (1.4× breeding season. Based provided, we show bio-energetic models create exciting opportunities energetics behaviour animals, although limitations also still exist. Such can reveal when, where why peaks lulls arise over migrant, if movements indeed expensive adapt fluctuating demands their natural environment

Язык: Английский

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Effects of wind on the movement, behavior, energetics, and life history of seabirds

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 723, С. 73 - 117

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023

For decades, studies have highlighted links between wind patterns and the behavior, ecology, distribution, energetics life history of seabirds. However, only relatively recently advancements in tracking technologies improvements resolution globally-available data allowed impacts on seabirds to be quantified across multiple spatiotemporal scales. Here, we review synthesize current knowledge effects We first describe global circulation relevant atmospheric processes discuss relationship seabird morphology, flight performance behavior relative wind. then develop a conceptual model linking movement strategies wind, capabilities central-place constraint. Finally, examine how influences populations via efficiency energetics, associated with climate variability severe weather. conclude by highlighting research priorities for advancing our understanding ecology behavior; these include assessing what extent use ocean waves efficient flight, sense anticipate patterns, examining has shaped evolution. Future should also focus modulates habitat accessibility, this could incorporated into theory use. Moreover, approaches that mechanistic climate, demography are needed assess population-level effects, will imperative may impacted climate-driven changes patterns.

Язык: Английский

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Invading occupied territory? Foraging whereabouts and prey of the Caspian Gull (Larus cachinnans) colonising The Netherlands

Journal of Ornithology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Thermal soaring in tropicbirds suggests that diverse seabirds may use this strategy to reduce flight costs

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 723, С. 171 - 183

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2023

Thermal soaring can offer substantial reductions in flight cost, but it is often assumed to be confined a relatively narrow group of fliers (those with low wing loading relative their body mass). Using high-frequency movement data, including magnetometry and GPS, we identified thermal seabird previously thought use only flapping flight: the red-tailed tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda . We tracked 55 individuals breeding on Round Island, Mauritius, examined environmental conditions that predicted 76 trips (ranging from 0.8 43 h, mean = 5.9 h). Tropicbirds used gliding for 13% time average (range 0-34%), association both commuting prey-searching/pursuits. The showed strong variation between trips, birds were more likely soar when flying tailwinds. This enables them reduce costs without increase trip duration, which pertinent season they are constrained by need return central place. Birds may therefore able amount outside season. Overall, suggest widespread than thought, given specific morphological adaptations this behaviour extended periods, bio-logging approaches best-placed detect (high-frequency GPS/magnetometry) tend during season, less likely.

Язык: Английский

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Thermal soaring over the North Sea and implications for wind farm interactions

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 723, С. 185 - 200

Опубликована: Май 2, 2023

Seabirds use several flight modes at sea, including thermal soaring, in which uplift is used to gain altitude and save energy. An increase may have consequences for wind farm interactions if it results birds spending more time within the rotor-swept zone (RSZ). To understand conditions under soaring occurs potential implications interactions, we investigated relation atmospheric June July 2 study areas North Sea, west north of Dutch coast. We developed algorithms that identified GPS tracks lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus radar seabirds. By combining species-specific 3-dimensional information on behaviour from bio-logging with continuous spatiotemporal coverage positioned parks, obtained a comprehensive overview sea than either method would obtain alone. Our showed flew higher altitudes during non-soaring flight, increasing proportion RSZ. Thermal occurred inside offshore farms similar degree as outside. was positively correlated positive temperature differences (ΔT) between surface air (at m above level), north-westerly winds. show probability over outside farms, increases larger differences, resulting increased spent RSZ an collision risk

Язык: Английский

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Experience does not change the importance of wind support for migratory route selection by a soaring bird

Royal Society Open Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(12)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2022

Migration is a complex behaviour that costly in terms of time, energy and risk mortality. Thermal soaring birds rely on airflow, specifically wind support uplift, to offset their energetic costs flight. Their migratory routes are record movement decisions negotiate the atmospheric environment achieve efficiency. We expected that, regardless age, use select routes. Because thermal flight young need learn, we as individuals gain more experience, will also increasingly favour best uplift conditions. quantified how route choice during autumn migration European honey buzzards (Pernis apivorus) was adjusted over up 4 years compared this with choices adult birds. found important all migrations. However, did not find an increase uplifts. This could be due species-specific learning period and/or artefact spatio-temporal scale our proxies.

Язык: Английский

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Soaring over open waters: horizontal winds provide lift to soaring migrants in weak thermal conditions

Movement Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2023

Abstract Background For soaring birds, the ability to benefit from variable airflow dynamics is crucial, especially while crossing natural barriers such as vast water bodies during migration. Soaring birds also take advantage of warm rising air, so-called thermals, that allow ascend passively higher altitudes with reduced energy costs. Although it well known migrants generally supportive winds and potential uplifts other weather factors enabling behavior remains unsolved. Methods In this study, we GPS-tracked 19 Red Kites, Milvus milvus , Central European population crossed Adriatic Sea on their autumn Migratory tracks were annotated data (wind support, side wind, temperature difference between air surface—proxy for thermal uplift, cloud cover, precipitation) assess effect Kites' decisions performance along migration across land. Results Wind support affected timing over Sea. We found differences horizontal positively sea movement by providing lift in otherwise weak thermals. Furthermore, patterns tracked raptors strength direction prevailing winds. Conclusion Thanks modern GPS–GSM telemetry devices available online databases, explored different variables occurrence migratory raptors. revealed how wind pattern could soar thermals utilizing winds, thus reducing costs active flapping flight bodies.

Язык: Английский

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Learning mappings of thermal updraft fields under unknown operating conditions using a deep operator network

Physics of Fluids, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Precise estimation of the thermal updraft environment is important for effective exploration wind resources in long-endurance drones. Nevertheless, previous regression algorithms exhibit limitations accurately evaluating updrafts under new operating conditions, and traditional airborne measurement methods are constrained by narrow ranges sparse spatial sampling. This study addresses these challenges harnessing continuous temperature data acquired via infrared sensors. The proposed methodology employs a data-driven deep operator network (DeepONet) to map field velocity field. Numerical simulations two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard convection conducted simulate sensing measurements various Rayleigh number Ra, used as both training testing datasets. For DeepONet framework, convolutional neural (CNN) structure employed branch extract features from Simultaneously, fully connected (FNN) adopted trunk network, encoding input functions fixed In order assess performance environments, conditions within range Ra=3×107–6×107, other unknown conditions. By compared conventional FNN standard DeepONet(CNN) this manifests significant enhancement performance, demonstrating improvements ranging 20% 40%

Язык: Английский

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