Imidacloprid
poses
a
significant
threat
to
aquatic
ecosystems.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
the
visual
toxicity
of
imidacloprid
and
underlying
molecular
mechanisms
in
adult
zebrafish.
After
exposure
at
environmental
relevant
concentrations
(10
100
μg/L)
for
21
days,
detectable
contents
were
23.0±0.80
121±1.56
ng/mg
eyes
zebrafish,
respectively.
The
behavior
zebrafish
was
impaired
including
reduced
ability
track
smoothly
stimuli
visually
guided
self-motion.
immunofluorescence
experiment
showed
that
content
Rhodopsin
(Rho)
retina
changed
significantly.
expression
rhythm
genes
played
key
roles
capturing
photons
dim
(rho)
bright
(opn1mw3,
opn1lw2
opn1sw2)
light,
phototransduction
(gnb3b,
arr3a
rpe65a),
disrupted
significantly
throughout
24-h
period
Targeted
metabolomics
analysis
16
metabolites
associated
with
neurotransmitter
function
significantly,
enriched
top
three
metabolism
pathways
Arginine
biosynthesis,
Alanine,
aspartate
glutamate
metabolism,
Tryptophan
metabolism.
These
results
indicated
environmentally
could
cause
optical
through
disturbing
opsins
affecting
adults.
