Coal mining reclamation as an environmental recovery effort: a review

Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(4), С. 4811 - 4811

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023

<p>The exploitation of natural resources remains a common practice in many countries to stimulate economic growth, and coal is the most commonly exploited resource. However, mining process often causes environmental disturbance. Therefore, this research was conducted analyze ideal implementation mine reclamation Indonesia. In post-mining area, land arid, with voids that are prone flood erosion. The area carried out by returning topsoil, adding organic material, planting cover crops fast-growing species. When topographical conditions have steep slopes, scrap engineering added hills up maximum height 8 meters, trimming slope remaining 35 degrees making drainage channels width more than 3 depth 2 an edge 2-5 percent. Approximately 70.59% programs Indonesia aimed at reforesting areas into secondary forests because they were previously forest ecosystem. types had been but still uncommon included aquaculture, urban forests, parks playground, sports park, cattle farms, fauna conservation ecotourism. A new approach reclamation, such as eco-habitat, important obtain optimal social, economic, ecological benefits. This involves optimizing sources livelihood based on rezoning according level interference, revegetation plants involving community, revitalization community livelihood, specifically restoration plant species food, nutrition, minerals, income, non-timber products. program should be through collaborative partnership between companies, local communities, academics, technical ministries, media.</p>

Язык: Английский

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Small-scale variation in available water capacity of the soil influences height growth of single trees in Southern Germany

Forest Systems, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(2), С. e013 - e013

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023

Aim of study: Detecting possible small-scale soil effects on height growth single trees in monospecific stands three important tree species (Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, and Picea abies). Area 37 mature along an ecological gradient Southern Germany from the cold wet “optimal niche zone” to warmer drier zones, including gravelly soils with poor water supply. Material methods: Measurement achieved age 15 20 sample per stand. Estimation available capacity (AWC) close proximity based texture following German survey guidelines. Examining depending zone AWC. Main results: On sites (stand level) lowest regime, increased significantly AWC microsites. The estimated effect over whole range values was almost 8 m at those sites. In contrast, negative optimal For intermediate marginal sites, positive, albeit not significant for Research highlights: To our knowledge this is first study about temperate European forests. Small-scale variability should be considered future scientific studies practical evaluation, involving performance low regime. This seems particularly genetic environmental associations process selecting breeding purposes such stands.

Язык: Английский

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Regeneration dynamics in mixed mountain forests at their natural geographical distribution range in the Western Rhodopes

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 552, С. 121550 - 121550

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2023

Mixed mountain forests consisting of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) are among the most productive stable forest ecosystems in Europe. Their southeasternmost geographical distribution range is located Western Rhodopes, where they have high economic, recreational, ecological value. In past, shelterwood cuttings dominated management practices these were mainly aimed at maintaining reproducing conifers. During past two decades, single-tree group-tree selection systems been promoted as alternative approaches to support conversion spruce-dominated stands close-to-nature mixed fir, beech, spruce. However, natural regeneration dynamics barely known, their dependence on microsite effects needs be better understood. The objective this study was investigate factors under regimes different intensity ("single-tree"-selection "group-tree"-selection) that influence processes Bulgarian Rhodopes. Data conditions collected 105 systematically distributed plots (25 m2/100 m2) four 100–120 years old regional district Smoljan, Bulgaria (1580–1650 m a.s.l.). We relied generalizeds linear models analyse for each species (1) size-dependent density (2) height increment practices, competing vegetation, well soil light conditions. Our revealed an overall potential recruitment Regeneration highest (median 12800 N ha-1), followed by 1600 ha-1) 1200 ha-1). Fir benefited from "single-tree" cuttings, while "group-tree" cutting tended promote but also Competing ground vegetation detrimental seedling all species. Annual increased with plant size, lowest spruce, similar beech. Sapling driven light, whereas seedlings did not react radiation. Browsing species-specific (15–30 %), (5–10 %) (<1 %). It a crucial factor impeding tree recruitment. conclude frequent harvest activities low which consider advanced promising approach successfully convert formerly spruce-fir-dominated climate-adapted fir-beech-(spruce)-mixed stands.

Язык: Английский

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Responses of stem growth and canopy greenness of temperate conifers to dry spells

International Journal of Biometeorology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 68(8), С. 1533 - 1544

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

Dry spells strongly influence biomass production in forest ecosystems. Their effects may last several years following a drought event, prolonging growth reduction and therefore restricting carbon sequestration. Yet, our understanding of the impact dry on vitality trees' above-ground components (e.g., stems leaves) at landscape level remains limited. We analyzed responses Pinus sylvestris Picea abies to four most severe topographically complex sites. To represent stem canopy greenness, we used chronologies tree-ring width time series Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). radial tree NDVI using superposed epoch analysis further explored this relationship mixed-effect models. Our results show stronger more persistent response faster recovery greenness. Canopy greenness started recover year after spell, whereas remained reduced for two subsequent did not pre-drought until fourth event. Stem were influenced by climatic conditions during events, while effect topography was marginal. The opposite events suggest different trees´ sink source compartments. These underscore crucial importance complexities as major atmospheric carbon.

Язык: Английский

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Pre-drought effects on northern temperate trees and vine invasion in forest gaps hindering regeneration

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 951, С. 175707 - 175707

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024

Northern temperate coniferous forests serve as crucial connectors between boreal and forests, yet they are vulnerable to various stressors such climate change human activities. Severe drought poses a significant threat plant species within these prompting recent research into its impacts. However, many studies lack explicit definitions of post-disturbance vegetation processes fail identify potential interactions with disturbance factors, necessitating comprehensive discussions. This study examines the effects on tree growth patterns main dominant in northern regions: Abies nephrolepis Picea jezoensis, along two commonly associated Betula ermanii, Quercus mongolica. Additionally, new factors inhabited by (A. P. jezoensis) were evaluated based community classification. The sites located Mt. Baekdu (Changbai) South Korea regions, which positioned at southern limit phytogeographical target species. Results indicate that A. jezoensis exhibit high levels recovery resilience, while B. ermanii Q. mongolica demonstrate resistance. Species-specific responses align intensity, resistance, recovery, resilience decreasing notably increasing pre-drought radial growth. Korean invasion vine Tripterygium regelii after death overstory threatens regeneration trees. certain environmental rock exposure dense canopy, invasion. Based results, emerges key determinant how trees respond drought. results suggest for disturbances emerge forest gaps due mortality induced global warming. These findings contribute deeper understanding stress, aid identifying refugia, inform conservation priorities habitat characteristics.

Язык: Английский

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