Molecular insights and impacts of wildfire-induced soil chemical changes

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(6), С. 431 - 446

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Fire Impacts on the Soil Metabolome and Organic Matter Biodegradability

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Global wildfire activity has increased since the 1970s and is projected to intensify throughout 21st century. Wildfires change composition biodegradability of soil organic matter (SOM) which contains nutrients that fuel microbial metabolism. Though persistent forms SOM often increase postfire, response more biodegradable remains unclear. Here we simulated severe wildfires through a controlled "pyrocosm" approach identify sources characterize metabolome immediately postfire. Using amplicon (16S/ITS) sequencing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, heterotrophic microbes (Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Protobacteria) specific metabolites (glycine, protocatechuate, citric cycle intermediates) were enriched in burned soils, indicating soils contain variety substrates support Molecular formulas assigned by 21 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry showed was lower molecular weight featured 20 43% nitrogen-containing than unburned soil. We also measured higher water extractable carbon concentrations CO2 efflux soils. The observed enrichment heterotrophs demonstrates resilience these burning, providing important implications for postfire plant recolonization ecosystem recovery.

Язык: Английский

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Wildfires under changing climate, and their environmental and health impacts

Journal of Soils and Sediments, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025

Abstract Purpose Extreme weather events including drought, flooding, and wildfires resulting from climate change can impact ecosystems. Various toxic substances are emitted during wildfires, such as particulate matter volatile organic compounds, the frequency intensity of rise with change. This review aims to focus on effects environmental health covering contaminants in soil, aquatic atmospheric environment. Materials methods A thorough literature search was conducted Web Science Core Collections following keywords: “wildfire” OR “volatile compounds” “pollution” “contamination” “terrestrial pollution” “aquatic “atmospheric pollution”. PRISMA flow chart used highlight review's content provide a more synthesis relevant studies. Results discussion studies have shown how wildfire emissions affect public health, although handful information available regarding impacts smoke wildfires. The post-wildfire trace elemental concentrations speciation notably linked plant species, geology, topography. Recent found increased levels nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), dissolved carbon (DOC), suspended solids, water turbidity lakes within wildfire-burnt watersheds. response individual ecosystems depends proximity fire, fire characteristics, fuel fee material burned, effect fundamental drivers quality. Conclusions findings this will encourage strengthen collaboration between scientific community regulatory agencies better understand erratic events, may people animals. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Review of wildfire modeling considering effects on land surfaces

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 245, С. 104569 - 104569

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Mercury records covering the past 90 000 years from lakes Prespa and Ohrid, SE Europe

Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(2), С. 531 - 556

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

Abstract. The element mercury (Hg) is a key pollutant, and much insight has been gained by studying the present-day Hg cycle. However, many important processes within this cycle operate on timescales responsive to centennial- millennial-scale environmental variability, highlighting importance of also investigating longer-term records in sedimentary archives. To end, we here explore timing, magnitude, expression signals retained sediments over past ∼ 90 kyr from two lakes, linked subterranean karst system: Lake Prespa (Greece, North Macedonia, Albania) Ohrid (North Macedonia Albania). Results suggest that fluctuations are largely independent variability common host phases each lake, recorded show distinct differences first during Late Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stages 2–5). highlight an abrupt, short-lived peak accumulation coinciding with local deglaciation. In contrast, shows broader interval enhanced and, superimposed, series low-amplitude oscillations concentration peaking Last Glacial Maximum, which may result elevated clastic inputs. Divergent Early Middle Holocene Stage 1). Here, large peaks, while progression lower values. Since 3 ka, anthropogenic influences overwhelm fluxes both lakes. lack coherence between lakes suggests that, absence exceptional perturbation, sediment composition, lake structure, sources, water balance all influence determine extent reflect local- or global-scale changes.

Язык: Английский

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Pollution and toxicity of heavy metals in wildfires-affected soil and surface water: A review and meta-analysis

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 125845 - 125845

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Reduced Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Diversity in Light and Moderate Fire Sites in Taiga Forests, Northeast China

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(7), С. 1836 - 1836

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2023

Forest fires are an important disturbance factor in forest ecosystems, and obviously change the soil environment. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as a medium bridge between vegetation soil, play crucial role mediating plant nutrient uptake regulating productivity, stability, succession of vegetation-soil systems. To investigate effects on community structure diversity arbuscular fungi cold-temperate Larix gmelinii forests, we collected soils from light, moderate, heavy fire forests natural control Greater Khingan northeast China. The was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology analyzed correlation with physicochemical characteristics. results showed that contents microbial biomass content (MBC), moisture (MC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphors (AP) increased significantly (p < 0.05) increasing intensity (from Light to fire), but potassium (AK) decreased 0.05). These changes were not significant. A 14,554 valid sequences all classified into 66 ASVs belonged one phylum, order, four families, genera. genera included Glomus, Ambispora, Paraglomus, Acaulospora, Glomus dominant genus (the five most relative abundances) heavy-fire forests. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis affected 0.01). Redundancy (RDA) MBC, SOC, AP composition communities. This study indicated communities through changing parameters (MBC, AP) properties Mountains after provides reference basis for revegetation reconstruction sites.

Язык: Английский

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Globally-significant arsenic release by wildfires in a mining-impacted boreal landscape

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(6), С. 064024 - 064024

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract Metal mining and smelting activities are one of the largest anthropogenic sources arsenic pollution to environment, with pervasive consequences human environmental health. Several decades metal processing near Yellowknife, NT, Canada have resulted in widespread accumulation biomass, soils, sediments, exceeding health limits. The landscape surrounding Yellowknife is frequently disturbed by wildfire, most recently 2023, when 2500 km 2 burned. While wildfire-mediated release stored around likely represents an incipient threat ecosystem health, a quantification potential magnitude remobilization from wildfires absent. Here we combine publicly available soil biomass concentrations land cover datasets current best estimates pyrogenic speciation upland wetland ecosystems estimate range due region 1972 2023. Since 1972, potentially led 141–562 Mg arsenic, 61–381 emitted atmosphere 39–109 mobilized as water-soluble species. large atmospheric emissions was peat emission efficiency (5%–84%) that more being released wetlands than uplands. In 2023 alone, our estimated just four between 15%–59% global annual wildfire represented 9% total all natural sources. Given climate change has will continue increase both area burned burn severity, emphasize future increased activity closer place legacy stores at risk even larger catastrophic unprecedented release, especially become drier.

Язык: Английский

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Heavy metal(loid) contamination in forest fire affected soil and surface water: pollution indices and human health risk assessment

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 197(4)

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Moderate to high-severity wildfires: Main restoration strategies applied in Mediterranean ecosystems

Journal of Environmental Management, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 380, С. 125149 - 125149

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

Язык: Английский

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