Quantifying the Increase in Meltwater Rate Resulting from the Accelerated Glacier Melting Caused by Mineral Dust

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

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Язык: Английский

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On the hydrological significance of rock glaciers: A case study from Murtèl rock glacier (Engadine, eastern Swiss Alps) using below-ground energy-flux measurements, ground-ice melt observations and hydrological measurements

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Abstract. Intact rock glaciers, a permafrost landform common in high-mountain regions, are often conceptualized as (frozen) water reserves. In warming climate with slowly degrading permafrost, the large below-ground ice volumes might suggest buffering effect on summer streamflow that due to resiliency of glaciers only increases rapidly receding glaciers. this case study, we assess role and functioning active Murtèl glacier hydrological cycle its small (17 ha) periglacial unglacierized watershed located Upper Engadine (eastern Swiss Alps). Our unprecedentedly comprehensive hydro-meteorological measurements include heat flux 3–5 m thick coarse-blocky layer (AL), direct observations seasonal evolution ground-ice table, discharge isotopic signature outflow at rock-glacier front. The detailed active-layer energy water/ice balance quantifies precipitation, evaporation, snow melt, ground catchment surface outflow. stores releases over three different time scales varying magnitudes residence times: (1) Liquid storage short-term (sub-monthly) scale is permafrost-underlain coarse-debris catchment, shown by ‘flashy’ hydrograph during thaw season little sustained baseflow (<3 L min-1) dry months. (2) Seasonal accumulation melt AL substantial: Independent an budget suggests rates 1−4 mm w.e. day-1, amounting 150−300 season. comparatively cool–wet year 2021, represented ca. 13 % annual precipitation outflow, but 28 hot–dry 2022. superimposed sourced refreezing snowmelt spring (annually replenished), protracts into late (intermediate-term storage), cannot increase total yearly runoff. (3) Meltwater release from ‘old’ climate-induced degradation ≤50 yr-1 or ~ 5−10 times smaller than meltwater contribution order few overall fluxes (long-term storage). study hydrologically relevant turnover occurs addition released slow ice-rich permafrost. acts coupled thermal buffer some degree protects underlying core converting More should tell how generalisable our single-site findings are.

Язык: Английский

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Comment on egusphere-2024-844

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

Abstract. Intact rock glaciers, a permafrost landform common in high-mountain regions, are often conceptualized as (frozen) water reserves. In warming climate with slowly degrading permafrost, the large below-ground ice volumes might suggest buffering effect on summer streamflow that due to resiliency of glaciers only increases rapidly receding glaciers. this case study, we assess role and functioning active Murtèl glacier hydrological cycle its small (17 ha) periglacial unglacierized watershed located Upper Engadine (eastern Swiss Alps). Our unprecedentedly comprehensive hydro-meteorological measurements include heat flux 3–5 m thick coarse-blocky layer (AL), direct observations seasonal evolution ground-ice table, discharge isotopic signature outflow at rock-glacier front. The detailed active-layer energy water/ice balance quantifies precipitation, evaporation, snow melt, ground catchment surface outflow. stores releases over three different time scales varying magnitudes residence times: (1) Liquid storage short-term (sub-monthly) scale is permafrost-underlain coarse-debris catchment, shown by ‘flashy’ hydrograph during thaw season little sustained baseflow (<3 L min^-1) dry months. (2) Seasonal accumulation melt AL substantial: Independent an budget suggests rates 1−4 mm w.e. day^-1, amounting 150−300 season. comparatively cool–wet year 2021, represented ca. 13 % annual precipitation outflow, but 28 hot–dry 2022. superimposed sourced refreezing snowmelt spring (annually replenished), protracts into late (intermediate-term storage), cannot increase total yearly runoff. (3) Meltwater release from ‘old’ climate-induced degradation ≤50 yr^-1 or ~ 5−10 times smaller than meltwater contribution order few overall fluxes (long-term storage). study hydrologically relevant turnover occurs addition released slow ice-rich permafrost. acts coupled thermal buffer some degree protects underlying core converting More should tell how generalisable our single-site findings are.

Язык: Английский

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Comment on egusphere-2024-844

Опубликована: Май 20, 2024

Abstract. Intact rock glaciers, a permafrost landform common in high-mountain regions, are often conceptualized as (frozen) water reserves. In warming climate with slowly degrading permafrost, the large below-ground ice volumes might suggest buffering effect on summer streamflow that due to resiliency of glaciers only increases rapidly receding glaciers. this case study, we assess role and functioning active Murtèl glacier hydrological cycle its small (17 ha) periglacial unglacierized watershed located Upper Engadine (eastern Swiss Alps). Our unprecedentedly comprehensive hydro-meteorological measurements include heat flux 3–5 m thick coarse-blocky layer (AL), direct observations seasonal evolution ground-ice table, discharge isotopic signature outflow at rock-glacier front. The detailed active-layer energy water/ice balance quantifies precipitation, evaporation, snow melt, ground catchment surface outflow. stores releases over three different time scales varying magnitudes residence times: (1) Liquid storage short-term (sub-monthly) scale is permafrost-underlain coarse-debris catchment, shown by ‘flashy’ hydrograph during thaw season little sustained baseflow (<3 L min^-1) dry months. (2) Seasonal accumulation melt AL substantial: Independent an budget suggests rates 1−4 mm w.e. day^-1, amounting 150−300 season. comparatively cool–wet year 2021, represented ca. 13 % annual precipitation outflow, but 28 hot–dry 2022. superimposed sourced refreezing snowmelt spring (annually replenished), protracts into late (intermediate-term storage), cannot increase total yearly runoff. (3) Meltwater release from ‘old’ climate-induced degradation ≤50 yr^-1 or ~ 5−10 times smaller than meltwater contribution order few overall fluxes (long-term storage). study hydrologically relevant turnover occurs addition released slow ice-rich permafrost. acts coupled thermal buffer some degree protects underlying core converting More should tell how generalisable our single-site findings are.

Язык: Английский

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Spectral Induced Polarization survey for the estimation of hydrogeological parameters in an active rock glacier

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

Abstract. Degrading permafrost in rock glaciers has been reported from several sites the European Alps. Changes ground temperature and ice content are expected to affect hydrogeological properties of glacier turn modify runoff regime groundwater recharge high-mountain environments. In this study, we investigate use an emerging geophysical method understand active Gran Sometta glacier, which consists a two lobe-tongue (a white black) differing their geologies. We present application spectral induced polarization (SIP) imaging, that provides continuous spatial information about electrical conductivity subsurface, linked properties. To quantify water hydraulic SIP imaging results, used petrophysical dynamic stern layer model. The results show continuously frozen at 4−6 m depth along both lobes hinders infiltration leading quick flow through layer. evaluate our conducted tracer experiments monitored with time-lapse confirms barrier associated allows pore velocity (~10-2 m/s). Below layer, have distinct conductivity. observed higher black lobe, moves faster than lobe supporting hypothesis shear horizon dominates velocity. Our study demonstrates is able provide valuable for characterization glaciers.

Язык: Английский

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Comment on egusphere-2024-1444

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024

Abstract. Degrading permafrost in rock glaciers has been reported from several sites the European Alps. Changes ground temperature and ice content are expected to affect hydrogeological properties of glacier turn modify runoff regime groundwater recharge high-mountain environments. In this study, we investigate use an emerging geophysical method understand active Gran Sometta glacier, which consists a two lobe-tongue (a white black) differing their geologies. We present application spectral induced polarization (SIP) imaging, that provides continuous spatial information about electrical conductivity subsurface, linked properties. To quantify water hydraulic SIP imaging results, used petrophysical dynamic stern layer model. The results show continuously frozen at 4−6 m depth along both lobes hinders infiltration leading quick flow through layer. evaluate our conducted tracer experiments monitored with time-lapse confirms barrier associated allows pore velocity (~10^-2 m/s). Below layer, have distinct conductivity. observed higher black lobe, moves faster than lobe supporting hypothesis shear horizon dominates velocity. Our study demonstrates is able provide valuable for characterization glaciers.

Язык: Английский

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Factors Controlling the Water Quality of Rock Glacier Springs in European and American Mountain Ranges

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Optimizing rock glaciers activity classification in South Tyrol (North-East Italy): integrating multisource data with statistical modelling

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024

Abstract. As a consequence of climate warming, high-altitude periglacial and glacial environments exhibit the clearest signs cryosphere degradation, Alps serve as natural laboratory for studying primary effects on permafrost-related features. Our research in South Tyrol, North-East Italy, aimed to develop an updated classification system rock glaciers activity, based remote sensing data statistical models, with aim categorizing them active, transitional, or relict according recent RGIK guidelines. Since current regional inventory includes activity attributes only morphological observations differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) coherence, it lacks comprehensive definition integrating climatic drivers, displacement rates, morphometric parameters. To address this, we utilized Alaska Satellite Facility's InSAR cloud computing, employing small baseline subset (SBAS) approach MintPy algorithms extract velocity each glacier Tyrol. Additionally, analyzed geomorphological maps derived from in-situ obtain descriptive parameters influencing development activity. From wide range potential variables, selected eight key predictors, representing physical (e.g. temperature), roughness), dynamic coherence indicators) attributes. These predictors were successively integrated multiclass generalized additive mixing model (GAM) classifier categorize landforms. Applying this entire dataset (achieving AUC over 0.9) allowed us gaps previous methods provided previously unclassified glaciers, along associated uncertainty values. improved accuracy, leaving 3.5 % features compared 13 18.5 DInSAR-based methods. The results revealed predominance (~75 %) smaller number active ones (~10 %). distribution classes suggests that transition states is not direct process. Instead, intermediate transitional phase commonly observed. This refines categorization mapped improves our understanding factors alpine environment.

Язык: Английский

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Reply on RC2

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2024

Abstract. Degrading permafrost in rock glaciers has been reported from several sites the European Alps. Changes ground temperature and ice content are expected to affect hydrogeological properties of glacier turn modify runoff regime groundwater recharge high-mountain environments. In this study, we investigate use an emerging geophysical method understand active Gran Sometta glacier, which consists a two lobe-tongue (a white black) differing their geologies. We present application spectral induced polarization (SIP) imaging, that provides continuous spatial information about electrical conductivity subsurface, linked properties. To quantify water hydraulic SIP imaging results, used petrophysical dynamic stern layer model. The results show continuously frozen at 4−6 m depth along both lobes hinders infiltration leading quick flow through layer. evaluate our conducted tracer experiments monitored with time-lapse confirms barrier associated allows pore velocity (~10^-2 m/s). Below layer, have distinct conductivity. observed higher black lobe, moves faster than lobe supporting hypothesis shear horizon dominates velocity. Our study demonstrates is able provide valuable for characterization glaciers.

Язык: Английский

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Reply on RC1

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2024

Abstract. Degrading permafrost in rock glaciers has been reported from several sites the European Alps. Changes ground temperature and ice content are expected to affect hydrogeological properties of glacier turn modify runoff regime groundwater recharge high-mountain environments. In this study, we investigate use an emerging geophysical method understand active Gran Sometta glacier, which consists a two lobe-tongue (a white black) differing their geologies. We present application spectral induced polarization (SIP) imaging, that provides continuous spatial information about electrical conductivity subsurface, linked properties. To quantify water hydraulic SIP imaging results, used petrophysical dynamic stern layer model. The results show continuously frozen at 4−6 m depth along both lobes hinders infiltration leading quick flow through layer. evaluate our conducted tracer experiments monitored with time-lapse confirms barrier associated allows pore velocity (~10^-2 m/s). Below layer, have distinct conductivity. observed higher black lobe, moves faster than lobe supporting hypothesis shear horizon dominates velocity. Our study demonstrates is able provide valuable for characterization glaciers.

Язык: Английский

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