Global
environmental
concerns
are
exacerbated
by
pollutants,
spanning
heavy
metals
to
organic
compounds,
posing
threats
ecosystems
and
human
health.
Conventional
pollution
monitoring
techniques
often
entail
resource-intensive
processes.
Epiphytic
plants,
exemplified
lichens,
mosses,
ferns,
emerge
as
sustainable
biomonitoring
tools
for
evaluating
pollutants.
This
vegetation
possesses
unique
attributes
conducive
air
quality
deposition.
chapter
investigates
the
aptness
of
epiphytic
plants
instruments
Mechanisms
underpinning
pollutant
accumulation
response
in
epiphytes,
focusing
on
their
capacity
capture
atmospheric
deposited
contaminants
over
time,
examined.
Furthermore,
benefits
employing
including
widespread
distribution,
sampling
ease,
cost
efficiency
contrast
traditional
methods,
emphasised.
Recent
advancements
analytical
techniques,
encompassing
elemental
molecular
analysis,
enabling
precise
quantification
concentrations
tissues,
discussed.
Case
studies
from
diverse
global
explored,
illustrating
utility
presence
trends,
metals,
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons,
nitrogen
compounds.
The
role
indicators
long-term
shifts
potential
mitigation
strategies
addressed.
Challenges
limitations,
species-specific
responses
standardised
protocols,
also
considered.
provide
a
effective
avenue
biomonitoring,
contributing
significantly
ongoing
endeavours
assess
mitigate
pollution's
impact
well-being.
book
underscores
imperative
integration
into
programs.
It
encourages
further
research
refine
applications
dynamic
world
multifaceted
challenges.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2024
The
treatment
of
fungal
keratitis(FK)
remains
challenging
due
to
delayed
detection
and
the
limited
effectiveness
antifungal
drugs.
Fungal
infection
can
activate
both
innate
adaptive
immune
responses
in
cornea.
Fungi
stimulate
production
oxidative
stress-related
biomarkers
mediate
infiltration
neutrophils,
macrophages,
T
cells.
These
cells
induce
cytokines,
chemokines,
matrix
metalloproteinases
(MMPs),
leading
corneal
tissue
damage
even
perforation.
signaling
pathway
regulates
expression
inflammatory
cytokines
keratitis.
Immune
is
main
mechanism
FK,
stress
also
involved
this
process.
Peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor
(PPAR)
a
member
nuclear
hormone
superfamily,
with
different
subtypes
PPAR
a,
β/δ,
PPARγ.
PPARs
play
important
roles
antioxidant
response,
anti-inflammatory,
lipid
metabolism,
neuroprotection,
regulation
processes.
γ
promote
macrophage
polarization
reduce
by
regulating
ROS
production.
has
made
some
progress
eye
diseases:
PPARa
agonists
inhibit
diabetes
keratopathy
neuropathy.
early
immature
angiogenesis
alkali
burns
have
potential
therapeutic
effects
on
angiogenesis.
control
progression
dry
disease
improve
condition
meibomian
gland
dysfunction.
Based
this,
we
explored
FK.
Fungi
can
be
used
as
bioindicators
to
assess
the
biodiversity
and
conservation
status
of
different
habitats
because
their
high
adaptability
sensitivity
changes
in
water,
air,
soil
quality.
In
this
study,
records
macrofungi
lichenised
fungi
were
extracted
from
GBIF,
surveyed
using
GIS
software,
compare
fungal
diversity
Pyrenean
oak
chestnut
groves
Castilla
y
León,
analysing
possible
implications
presence
for
these
forest
habitats.
Quercus
pyrenaica
forests,
a
greater
number
lichen
species
recorded
than
Castanea
sativa
although
area
occupied
by
former
could
have
influenced
diversity.
The
higher
ectomycorrhizal
macrofungal
groves,
well
pollution
lichens
oak-dominated
environments,
showed
relevance
analysis
data
better
understanding
However,
order
obtain
more
accurate
results,
it
would
necessary
carry
out
specific
studies
on
smaller
scale.
Global
environmental
concerns
are
exacerbated
by
pollutants,
spanning
heavy
metals
to
organic
compounds,
posing
threats
ecosystems
and
human
health.
Conventional
pollution
monitoring
techniques
often
entail
resource-intensive
processes.
Epiphytic
plants,
exemplified
lichens,
mosses,
ferns,
emerge
as
sustainable
biomonitoring
tools
for
evaluating
pollutants.
This
vegetation
possesses
unique
attributes
conducive
air
quality
deposition.
chapter
investigates
the
aptness
of
epiphytic
plants
instruments
Mechanisms
underpinning
pollutant
accumulation
response
in
epiphytes,
focusing
on
their
capacity
capture
atmospheric
deposited
contaminants
over
time,
examined.
Furthermore,
benefits
employing
including
widespread
distribution,
sampling
ease,
cost
efficiency
contrast
traditional
methods,
emphasised.
Recent
advancements
analytical
techniques,
encompassing
elemental
molecular
analysis,
enabling
precise
quantification
concentrations
tissues,
discussed.
Case
studies
from
diverse
global
explored,
illustrating
utility
presence
trends,
metals,
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons,
nitrogen
compounds.
The
role
indicators
long-term
shifts
potential
mitigation
strategies
addressed.
Challenges
limitations,
species-specific
responses
standardised
protocols,
also
considered.
provide
a
effective
avenue
biomonitoring,
contributing
significantly
ongoing
endeavours
assess
mitigate
pollution's
impact
well-being.
book
underscores
imperative
integration
into
programs.
It
encourages
further
research
refine
applications
dynamic
world
multifaceted
challenges.
