Thinopyrum
intermedium
subsp.
(Host)
Barkworth
&
D.R.
Dewey
is
a
perennial
grass
proposed
as
dual-use
crop
for
both
forage
and
grain.
Being
in
the
nascent
stage
of
domestication,
its
yield
potential
still
low
compared
to
annual
counterparts.
The
understanding
grain
(GY)
elaboration
Th.
field
limited
along
with
response
agronomic
management.
To
identify
interrelations
between
development
traits
their
influence
on
GY,
various
measurements
were
evaluated
during
4
growing
seasons
grown
conducted
under
autumn
defoliation
operations
nitrogen
(N)
fertilizations.
Under
some
treatments,
GY
remained
constant
over
four
years
experiment
mean
1t
ha-1resulting
from
spike
fertility
density
level
above
400spikes
m-2.
However,
significant
regression
inhibition
reproductive
growth
tillers
can
occur
when
number
too
high
and/or
resources
scarce
(i.e.,
unfertilized
plots
or
water
deficiencies).
In
addition,
excessive
aboveground
production
at
beginning
phase
be
detrimental
final
through
negative
tiller
biomass
(DMtot)
per
spike.
highest
was
observed
second
year
means
1447tillers
m-2
16t
DM
ha-1
harvest.
Although
N
fertilization
positively
associated
density,
DMtot
could
enhanced
by
fertilization.
this
way,
50kg
combined
tillering
sustain
without
hampering
production.
autumn,
plant
regrowth
only
first
value
1.9t
ha-1.
Autumn
decreased
next
reduce
but
it
has
been
compensated
higher
TKW
no
indicating
that
had
impact
GY.
Therefore,
fertile
soil
conditions
good
stand
establishment,
early
induced
tillers,
overproduction
spikes,
we
demonstrated
maintained
ageing.
future,
breeding
should
enable
greater
allocation
grains
increasing
rationalizing
new
rhizome
propagation
compromising
vigor
environmental
performances.
Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2023
Abstract
Intermediate
wheatgrass
(IWG,
Thinopyrum
intermedium
[Host]
Barkworth
&
D.
R.
Dewey)
has
been
developed
as
a
perennial
grain
crop
to
provide
ecosystem
services,
environmental
benefits,
and
human
food.
Grain
products
derived
from
IWG
varieties
improved
for
food
production
have
marketed
under
the
registered
trademark,
Kernza.
In
1980s,
joint
breeding
effort
between
Rodale
Institute
(RI)
Big
Flats
Plant
Material
Center
used
plant
introductions
(PI)
National
Germplasm
System
(NPGS)
recurrent
phenotypic
selection
improve
populations
of
with
goal
developing
grain.
Initial
selections
were
provided
The
Land
where
they
subsequently
production,
yet
identity
founder
material
improved,
food-grade
not
publicly
documented.
Recently
recovered
original
documents
reconstruct
early
program
identify
most
likely
20
PIs
that
form
founders
modern
IWG.
Molecular
data
using
genotyping-by-sequencing
in
current
elite
material,
remnant
seed
initial
RI
selections,
preserved
sample
supporting
evidence
historical
records.
genetic
origin
is
focused
Black
Sea
Caspian
Stavropol
region
Russia,
smaller
contributions
collections
distant
Kazakhstan
east
Turkey
west.
This
work
connects
flow
germplasm
utility
NPGS
present
day
cultivars
being
multiple
programs
around
world.
There
is
increasing
interest
in
perennial
crops
to
build
soil
carbon
(C)
agricultural
production
systems,
but
the
mechanisms
underlying
C
accrual
croplands
remain
unclear.
Research
that
directly
tracks
intra-annual
fluxes
through
crop-microbial-soil
pools
necessary
evaluate
capacity
of
over
intra-decadal
time
periods.
We
conducted
a
13C
isotope-tracer
study
compare
within-season
uptake
and
partitioning
patterns
between
1-year-old
(IWG-1)
2-year-old
(IWG-2)
novel
grain
crop,
intermediate
wheatgrass
(IWG;
Thinopyrum
intermedium
(Host)
Barkworth
Dewey).
compared
these
an
annual
spring
wheat
(Triticum
aestivum
L.).
Crop
shoots,
roots,
soil,
respired-C
were
sampled
ten
times
90-day
chase
period.
also
measured
incorporation
recently
assimilated
into
microbial
biomass
(13C
PLFA)
functional
groups
first
7
days
post-label
application.
IWG
incorporated
little
new
pools,
with
only
average
12%
8%
total
IWG-1
IWG-2,
almost
25%
soil.
Compared
other
cropping
higher
proportion
was
retained
roots
(14%)
arbuscular
mycorrhizal
fungi,
suggesting
invests
developing
root-mycorrhizal
networks
during
its
year.
By
second
year,
very
allocated
belowground,
50%
aboveground
tissues
remainder
respired
as
CO2.
expect
changes
are
associated
shift
from
acquisitive
conservative
growth
strategy
occurs
years,
which
may
substantially
limit
potential
for
rapid
systems.
Thinopyrum
intermedium
subsp.
(Host)
Barkworth
&
D.R.
Dewey
is
a
perennial
grass
proposed
as
dual-use
crop
for
both
forage
and
grain.
Being
in
the
nascent
stage
of
domestication,
its
yield
potential
still
low
compared
to
annual
counterparts.
The
understanding
grain
(GY)
elaboration
Th.
field
limited
along
with
response
agronomic
management.
To
identify
interrelations
between
development
traits
their
influence
on
GY,
various
measurements
were
evaluated
during
4
growing
seasons
grown
conducted
under
autumn
defoliation
operations
nitrogen
(N)
fertilizations.
Under
some
treatments,
GY
remained
constant
over
four
years
experiment
mean
1t
ha-1resulting
from
spike
fertility
density
level
above
400spikes
m-2.
However,
significant
regression
inhibition
reproductive
growth
tillers
can
occur
when
number
too
high
and/or
resources
scarce
(i.e.,
unfertilized
plots
or
water
deficiencies).
In
addition,
excessive
aboveground
production
at
beginning
phase
be
detrimental
final
through
negative
tiller
biomass
(DMtot)
per
spike.
highest
was
observed
second
year
means
1447tillers
m-2
16t
DM
ha-1
harvest.
Although
N
fertilization
positively
associated
density,
DMtot
could
enhanced
by
fertilization.
this
way,
50kg
combined
tillering
sustain
without
hampering
production.
autumn,
plant
regrowth
only
first
value
1.9t
ha-1.
Autumn
decreased
next
reduce
but
it
has
been
compensated
higher
TKW
no
indicating
that
had
impact
GY.
Therefore,
fertile
soil
conditions
good
stand
establishment,
early
induced
tillers,
overproduction
spikes,
we
demonstrated
maintained
ageing.
future,
breeding
should
enable
greater
allocation
grains
increasing
rationalizing
new
rhizome
propagation
compromising
vigor
environmental
performances.
