Municipal
solid
waste
(MSW)
is
characterized
by
complex
composition,
low
calorific
value
and
high
moisture
content.
Using
a
single
treatment
technology
costly
difficult
to
achieve
optimal
results.
A
poly-generation
system
that
integrates
classified
pyrolysis
incineration
proposed,
producing
fuel,
electricity,
steam.
After
meeting
the
system's
own
needs,
these
products
are
sold
as
commodities.
However,
economic
performance
of
still
unclear.
In
this
work,
techno-economic
analysis
(TEA)
was
conducted
evaluate
feasibility
proposed
MSW
system.
The
TEA
results
showed
total
capital
investment
602.07
M¥,
annual
operating
cost
40.63
M¥.
net
present
93.01
which
positive
value.
internal
rate
return
10.28%,
higher
than
benchmark
return,
indicating
economically
feasible.
Sensitivity
indicated
extremely
sensitive
fixed
investment,
price
product
yield,
government
subsidy.
This
study
provides
fundamental
theoretical
basis
for
offers
valuable
insights
policy
makers
investors
in
management
field.
Abstract
Waste
activated
sludge
(WAS)
is
attracting
attention
for
its
energy
and
resource
potential.
Anaerobic
digestion
(AD)
can
be
used
to
efficiently
recover
resources
stabilize
pollutants
in
WAS,
with
biochar
emerging
as
an
ideal
additive
boost
this
process.
However,
the
low
abundance
of
surface
functional
groups
small
pore
structure
raw
may
limit
performance
AD
WAS.
These
limitations
overcome
by
using
biochar.
In
review,
preparation
modification
methods
role
WAS
are
systematically
summarized
discussed.
Notably,
electron
transfer,
buffering
effects,
microbial
immobilization,
alleviation
inhibitory
modulation
analyzed.
Additionally,
impacts
on
digestate
utilization,
pollutant
removal,
carbon
fixation
Special
given
ability
promote
circular
economy
neutrality.
Finally,
future
perspectives
use
presented.
The
aim
review
provide
insights
into
application
from
perspective
improvement,
economy.
Graphical
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
58(28), С. 12520 - 12531
Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024
Sewage
sludge,
as
a
carbon-rich
byproduct
of
wastewater
treatment,
holds
significant
untapped
potential
renewable
resource.
Upcycling
this
troublesome
waste
stream
represents
great
promise
in
addressing
global
escalating
energy
demands
through
its
wide
practice
biochemical
recovery
concurrently.
Here,
we
propose
biotechnological
concept
to
gain
value-added
liquid
bioproducts
from
sewage
sludge
self-sufficient
manner
by
directly
transforming
into
medium-chain
fatty
acids
(MCFAs).
Our
findings
suggest
that
yeast,
cheap
and
readily
available
commercial
powder,
would
involve
ethanol-type
fermentation
chain
elongation
achieve
abundant
MCFA
production
using
electron
donors
(i.e.,
ethanol)
acceptors
short-chain
acids)
produced
situ.
The
enhanced
abundance
transcriptional
activity
genes
related
key
enzymes,
such
butyryl-CoA
dehydrogenase
alcohol
dehydrogenase,
affirm
the
robust
capacity
for
self-sustained
MCFAs.
This
is
indicative
an
effective
metabolic
network
established
between
yeast
anaerobic
microorganisms
within
innovative
framework.
Furthermore,
life
cycle
assessment
techno-economic
analysis
evidence
sustainability
economic
competitiveness
strategy.
Overall,
work
provides
insights
upgrading
independent
additional
carbon
input,
which
can
be
applied
existing
infrastructure
well
develop
new
applications
diverse
range
industries.
Incineration
is
vital
for
safe
sewage
sludge
treatment
and
resource
recovery
in
China,
using
methods
like
mono-incineration
(INC),
co-incineration
coal
plant
(CINP),
cement
kiln
(CINC),
municipal
solid
waste
incineration
(CINM).
Existing
studies
suffer
from
poor
inventory
quality
inaccurate
quantification.
To
overcome
these
challenges,
this
study
integrates
the
energy
balance
model
with
life
cycle
assessment
to
evaluate
key
system
parameters,
quantify
disturbances,
assess
dynamic
environmental
impacts.
Findings
indicate
critical
moisture
content
combustion
as
70%,
60%,
50%,
80%
four
methods,
respectively,
INC
exhibiting
highest
impact,
followed
by
CINM.
CINP
CINC
yield
benefits
replacing
or
raw
materials,
achieving
negative
carbon
effects
of
34.8%
78.8%,
avoiding
66.4%
76.1%
impacts,
respectively.
When
surpasses
75%,
results
higher
emissions
than
INC,
lower
dry
calorific
values
potentially
increasing
up
fourfold.
The
positions
transitional
solutions,
CINM
future
trend,
while
suits
cities
high
output
strong
economies.
This
research
offers
a
basis
developing
inventories
industrial
kilns
optimizing
selection
technologies.
