Energies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(21), С. 5326 - 5326
Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2024
Increased
maritime
cargo
transportation
has
necessitated
stricter
management
of
emissions
from
ships.
The
primary
source
this
pollution
is
fuel
combustion,
which
influenced
by
factors
such
as
a
ship’s
added
wave
resistance.
Accurate
estimation
resistance
during
ship
design
crucial
for
minimizing
exhaust
emissions.
challenge
that,
at
the
preliminary
parametric
stage,
only
limited
geometric
data
about
available,
and
existing
methods
estimating
cannot
be
applied.
This
article
presents
application
artificial
neural
network
(ANN)
ensembles
based
on
dimensionless
parameters
available
length-to-breadth
ratio
(L/B),
breadth-to-draught
(B/T),
length-to-draught
(L/T),
block
coefficient
(CB),
Froude
number
(Fn).
Four
different
ANN
are
developed
to
predict
using
both
complete
sets
characteristics
(i.e.,
L/B,
B/T,
CB,
Fn)
incomplete
sets,
Fn;
L/T,
Fn.
approach
allows
consideration
CO2
stage
when
dimensions
known.
An
example
in
demonstrates
that
minor
modifications
typical
container
designs
can
significantly
reduce
resistance,
resulting
daily
reduction
up
2.55
tons
equivalent
produced
778
cars
per
day,
highlighting
environmental
benefits
optimizing
design.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025
Land
use
and
land
cover
changes
(LULCC)
alter
local
surface
attributes,
thereby
modifying
energy
balance
material
exchanges,
ultimately
impacting
meteorological
parameters
air
quality.
The
North
China
Plain
(NCP)
has
undergone
rapid
urbanization
in
recent
decades,
leading
to
dramatic
cover.
This
study
utilizes
the
2020
data
obtained
from
MODIS
satellite
replace
default
2001
Weather
Research
Forecasting-Community
Multiscale
Air
Quality
(WRF-CMAQ)
model.
It
simulates
analyzes
direct
impact
of
LULCC
on
indirect
ozone
(O3)
concentration
through
physical
chemical
processes
during
July
summer.
Six
rapidly
urbanizing
cities
were
selected
represent
Plain.
results
show
that
significantly
increased
sensible
heat
flux
2-m
temperature
areas
throughout
diurnal
cycle,
with
more
pronounced
effects
daytime,
ranging
6.49
23.46
W/m2
0.20–0.59
°C,
respectively.
10-m
wind
speed
decreased
at
night
day,
−
0.43
0.27
m/s
0.16
0.15
day.
planetary
boundary
layer
height
generally
increased,
a
larger
rise
23.63
84.74
m.
Simultaneously,
O3
concentrations
both
daytime
nighttime.
increase
ranged
2.89
9.82
μg/m3,
while
nighttime
1.76
7.77
μg/m3.
enhanced
as
well
vertical
transport,
an
O3.
At
same
time,
it
reduced
horizontal
transport
dry
deposition
processes.
These
are
related
variations.
was
not
limited
but
extended
top
(approximately
1500
m).
Below
500
m,
concentrations,
concentrations.
Additionally,
induced
by
showed
above
surface,
whereas
process
had
smaller
surface.
reveals
significant
urban
expansion
regional
optimizes
model's
simulation
quality
provides
new
insights
into
understanding
conditions
Energies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(14), С. 3383 - 3383
Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024
As
global
maritime
cargo
transportation
intensifies,
managing
CO2
emissions
from
ships
becomes
increasingly
crucial.
This
article
explores
optimizing
bulk
carrier
fleets
for
transporting
polymetallic
nodules
(PMNs)
the
Clarion-Clipperton
Zone
(CCZ)
to
reduce
emissions.
Our
analysis
shows
that
larger
carriers,
despite
greater
drifting
forces
environmental
conditions,
emit
less
over
entire
transport
mission,
including
loading
and
transit.
Deploying
large
in
trade
could
significantly
study
also
introduces
a
novel
artificial
neural
network
(ANN)
model
estimate
during
operations
proposes
new
method
estimating
emissions,
considering
conditions
ship
seakeeping
properties.
These
findings
highlight
importance
of
fleet
size
optimization
effective
operational
planning
achieving
sustainability
transport.
Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
129(14)
Опубликована: Июль 19, 2024
Abstract
As
China's
land‐based
anthropogenic
emissions
are
decreasing,
the
impact
of
marine
shipping
(MSEs)
on
atmosphere,
especially
in
coastal
areas,
deserves
further
attention.
This
study
investigates
MSEs
MDA8
ozone
(O
3
)
levels
during
warm
seasons
2017
China,
considering
different
and
synoptic
patterns.
The
results
indicate
that
average
O
decreases
from
offshore
to
inland,
peaking
at
over
29.0
ppb
sea
13.8
along
coast
mainland
China.
Influenced
by
precursor
emissions,
meteorology
other
factors,
contribute
differently
Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei
(BTH),
Yangtze
River
Delta
(YRD)
Pearl
(PRD),
with
contributions
3.0,
5.2,
4.9
ppb,
respectively,
ranging
2.7
7.3
13
port
cities.
impacts
higher
polluted
days
than
clean
days,
onshore
winds.
In
BTH,
increase
5.5
3.0
northeast
winds
Bohai
Sea.
YRD,
9.4
southeast
significantly
PRD
11.0
5.0
Although
emission
inventories,
initial
boundary
conditions,
etc.
may
introduce
uncertainties,
our
still
provide
useful
information
for
pollution
management
cities
as
a
reasonable
way
track
mass
contributions.
