Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(12), С. 2530 - 2544

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2024

The detection of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems has generated concern for wildlife and human health over the past several decades. β-adrenergic blocking agents are a class drugs designed to treat cardiovascular diseases high blood pressure. Metoprolol is second-generation β1-adrenergic receptor inhibitor detected effluent derived from sewage treatment plants. Our review presents an updated survey current state knowledge regarding sources, occurrence, toxicity metoprolol ecosystems. We further aimed summarize literature on presence various classes species consider trophic transfer these contaminants marine mammals. biological impacts have been reported 20 organisms, with primary focus cardiac function oxidative stress. reveals that concentrations cause above levels typical freshwater environments. Future studies should investigate effects at lower organisms. Other recommendations include (1) noncardiac endpoints, because computational assessments currently available molecular data identify gonadotropins, vitellogenin, collagen, cytokines as potential targets modulation, (2) development adverse outcome pathways dysfunction improve our understanding interactions outcomes following exposure. As next generation β-blockers developed, continued diligence needed assessing environmental determine their accumulation long-term humans. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2530-2544. © 2024 SETAC.

Язык: Английский