Abstract.
The
Unsolved
Problems
in
Hydrology
(UPH)
initiative
has
emphasized
the
need
to
establish
networks
of
multi-decadal
hydrological
observatories
tackle
catchment-scale
challenges
on
a
global
scale.
already
existing
monitoring
infrastructures
have
provided
an
enormous
amount
hydrometeorological
data,
which
helped
gain
detailed
insights
into
causality
processes,
test
scientific
theories
and
hypotheses,
reveal
physical
laws
governing
catchment
behavior.
Nevertheless,
we
are
still
long
way
from
being
able
fully
unravel
all
mysteries
processes
solve
practical
water-related
problems.
Hydrological
programs
often
produced
limited
outcomes
because
intermittent
availability
financial
resources
substantial
efforts
required
operate
conduct
comparative
studies
advance
previous
findings.
Recently,
some
initiatives
emerged
aiming
at
coordinating
data
acquisition
hypothesis
testing
facilitate
efficient
cross-site
synthesis
To
this
end,
common
vision
management
solutions
be
developed.
This
opinion
paper
provocatively
discusses
two
end
members
possible
future
observatory
(HO)
for
given
hypothesized
community
budget:
comprehensive
set
moderately
instrumented
or,
alternatively,
small
number
highly
super-sites.
A
network
instrumented,
sites
distributed
across
globe
would
provide
broad
spatial
coverage
major
pedoclimatic
regions,
help
address
UPH
about
impact
climate
social
systems
(e.g.,
land
use
change
warming)
water
resources,
enhance
potential
knowledge
transfer.
However,
moderate
instrumentation
each
site
may
hamper
in-depth
understanding
complex
processes.
In
contrast,
few
extensively
research
allow
community-based
experiments
unprecedented
manner,
thereby
providing
more
fundamental
complex,
non-linear
modulated
by
scale-dependent
feedback
multiscale
spatio-temporal
heterogeneity.
Lumping
proven
effective
strategy
other
geosciences,
e.g.
vessels
oceanography
drilling
geology.
On
downside,
catchments
will
not
representative
necessitating
consideration
generalization
issues.
discussion
relative
merits
limitations
these
visions
HOs
is
presented
with
objective
building
consensus
optimal
path
coming
decades.
final
proposes
combining
flexible
strategy.
Hydrology and earth system sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
29(2), С. 465 - 483
Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025
Abstract.
The
Unsolved
Problems
in
Hydrology
(UPH)
initiative
has
emphasized
the
need
to
establish
networks
of
multi-decadal
hydrological
observatories
gain
a
deep
understanding
complex
hydrologic
processes
occurring
within
diverse
environmental
conditions.
already
existing
monitoring
infrastructures
have
provided
an
enormous
amount
hydrometeorological
data,
facilitating
detailed
insights
into
causal
mechanisms
processes,
testing
scientific
theories
and
hypotheses,
revelation
physical
laws
governing
catchment
behavior.
Yet,
programs
often
produced
limited
outcomes
due
intermittent
availability
financial
resources
substantial
efforts
required
operate
conduct
comparative
studies
advance
previous
findings.
Recently,
some
initiatives
emerged
that
aim
coordinate
data
acquisition
hypothesis
facilitate
efficient
cross-site
synthesis
To
this
end,
common
vision
practical
management
solutions
be
developed.
This
opinion
paper
provocatively
discusses
two
potential
endmembers
future
observatory
(HO)
network
based
on
given
hypothesized
community
budget:
comprehensive
set
moderately
instrumented
or,
alternatively,
small
number
highly
supersites.
A
sites
would
provide
broad
spatial
coverage
across
major
pedoclimatic
regions
by
supporting
lumped
response
(e.g.,
rainfall–runoff
relationship,
Budyko
analysis)
continental
landscapes.
However,
moderate
instrumentation
at
each
site
may
hamper
in-depth
processes.
In
contrast,
extensively
research
enable
community-based
experiments
unprecedented
manner,
thereby
deeper
complex,
non-linear
modulated
scale-dependent
feedback
multiscale
spatiotemporal
heterogeneity.
Lumping
proven
effective
strategy
other
geosciences,
e.g.,
vessels
oceanography
drilling
geology.
On
downside,
limitation
approach
is
few
catchments
will
not
representative
all
regions,
necessitating
consideration
generalization
issues.
discussion
relative
merits
limitations
these
visions
regarding
HOs
presented
build
consensus
optimal
path
for
address
UPH
coming
decades.
final
proposes
integrating
flexible
strategy.
Keywords:
network,
experimental
catchments,
synthesis,
vs.
exploratory
science,
unsolved
problems
hydrology,
societal
needs,
technology
advancements.
Hydrology and earth system sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
29(1), С. 159 - 177
Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025
Abstract.
Hydrological
models
with
conceptual
tipping
bucket
and
process-based
evapotranspiration
formulations
are
the
most
common
tools
in
hydrology.
However,
these
consistently
fail
to
replicate
long-term
slow
dynamics
of
a
hydrological
system,
indicating
need
for
model
augmentation
shift
formulation
approach.
This
study
employed
an
entirely
different
approach
–
system
towards
more
realistic
replication
observed
behaviors
at
inter-annual
inter-decadal
scales.
Using
headwaters
Baiyang
Lake
China
as
case
study,
endogenous
linking
structure
was
gradually
unraveled
from
1982
2015
through
wavelet
analysis,
Granger's
causality
test,
model.
The
analysis
test
identified
negatively
correlated
bidirectional
causal
relationship
between
actual
catchment
water
storage
change
across
distinct
climatic
periodicities,
suggested
combined
vegetation
reinforcing
feedback
soil
water–vegetation
balancing
system.
dynamics'
successfully
captured
under
both
natural
human-intervention
scenarios,
demonstrating
self-sustained
oscillation
arising
within
system's
boundary.
Our
results
showed
that
interaction
soil-bound
dominates
process
scale,
while
soil-water-holding
capacity
scale.
Conventional
models,
which
typically
employ
physiological-based
assume
invariable
characteristics,
ignore
scale
leading
failure
predicting
behaviors.
is
its
early
stage
applications
primarily
confined
water-stressed
regions
novel
insights
proposed
our
including
hierarchies
corresponding
mechanisms
timescales
among
stocks
being
important
driver
behaviors,
offer
potential
solutions
better
understanding
guidelines
improving
configuration
performance
conventional
models.
Water Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
89(8), С. 2164 - 2176
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024
To
assess
the
viability
and
effectiveness
of
bioretention
cell
in
enhancing
rainwater
resource
utilization
within
sponge
cities,
this
study
employs
field
monitoring,
laboratory
testing,
statistical
analysis
to
evaluate
water
purification
capabilities
cell.
Findings
indicate
a
marked
impact
on
surface
runoff,
with
removal
efficiencies
59.81%
for
suspended
solids
(SS),
39.01%
chemical
oxygen
demand
(COD),
37.53%
ammonia
nitrogen
(NH
