Development of a Hybrid Attention Transformer for Daily PM2.5 Predictions in Seoul

Atmosphere, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1), С. 37 - 37

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

A hybrid attention transformer (HAT) was developed for accurate daily PM2.5 predictions in Seoul. The performance of the HAT evaluated through a comparative analysis its against ground-based observations and those from three-dimensional chemical transport model (3-D CTM). results demonstrated that outperformed 3-D CTM, achieving 4.60% higher index agreement (IOA). Additionally, exhibited 22.09% fewer errors 82.59% lower bias compared to CTM. Diurnal variations both models were also analyzed explore characteristics proposed further. closely aligned with observed throughout day, whereas CTM significant diurnal variability. importance input features using permutation method, which revealed previous day’s most influential feature. robustness further validated comparison long short-term memory (LSTM) model, showed 18.50% 95.91% smaller biases, even during El Niño events. These promising findings highlight potential as cost-effective highly tool air quality prediction.

Язык: Английский

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A continuous 2011-2022 record of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in East Asia at daily 2-km resolution from geostationary satellite observations: population exposure and long-term trends

Atmospheric Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 121068 - 121068

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Air quality trends and regimes in South Korea inferred from 2015–2023 surface and satellite observations

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(5), С. 3233 - 3252

Опубликована: Март 17, 2025

Abstract. Air pollutant emissions in South Korea have been changing rapidly over the past decade. Here we analyze resulting 2015–2023 trends air quality and regimes using surface (AirKorea), aircraft (KORUS-AQ), satellite (low Earth orbit, geostationary) measurements. Surface concentrations of primary pollutants decreased at rates (CO: −2.6 ± 0.7 % a−1, SO2: −6.4 0.8 NO2: −4.4 a−1) consistent with national Clean Policy Support System (CAPSS) inventory observations. CAPSS indicates no trend volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, observations formaldehyde (HCHO) glyoxal (CHOCHO), but aromatic show a 5.0 3.9 a−1 decrease. Peak season (May–June) maximum 8 h daily average (MDA8) ozone (O3) exceeds 60 ppbv standard everywhere AirKorea sites, an increase 0.9 90th percentile averaged across all sites indicating VOC-limited conditions for O3 production. However, HCHO/NO2 ratios indicate shift from VOC- to NOx-limited as NOx Most are Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), where vestiges persist; find increases rest Korea. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has decreasing 1.6 nitrate (NO3-) component not. Satellite NH3/NO2 that PM2.5 NO3- formation was NH3-sensitive before 2019 is now becoming NOx-sensitive Our results further emission decreases will reap benefits both their production dominantly NOx-sensitive.

Язык: Английский

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Existence of typical winter atmospheric circulation patterns leading to high PM2.5 concentration days in East Asia

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 348, С. 123829 - 123829

Опубликована: Март 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Synoptic circulation factors associated with wintertime high-PM2.5 concentrations in seoul, Republic of Korea: Their interpretations and applications

Atmospheric Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 325, С. 120444 - 120444

Опубликована: Март 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Nitrate formation mechanisms causing high concentration of PM2.5 in a residential city with low anthropogenic emissions during cold season

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 352, С. 124141 - 124141

Опубликована: Май 11, 2024

During the cold season in South Korea, NO3‒ concentrations are known to significantly increase, often causing PM2.5 exceed air quality standards. This study investigated formation mechanisms of a suburban area with low anthropogenic emissions. The average was 25.3 μg m‒3, identified as largest contributor. Ammonium-rich conditions prevailed throughout period, coupled atmospheric temperature facilitating transfer gaseous HNO3 into particulate phase. result indicates that played crucial role determining concentration. Nocturnal increases were observed alongside increasing ozone (O3) and relative humidity (RH), emphasizing significance heterogeneous reactions involving N2O5. at site notably higher than Seoul, upwind metropolitan area, during high concentration episode. difference could potentially attributed lower local NO concentrations, which enhanced reaction between O3 NO2, produce NO3 radicals. High Cl‒ dust also contributors elevated concentrations.

Язык: Английский

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Long-term perspectives on land-use changes and air pollution policies in Iran: A comparative analysis of regional and global patterns in atmospheric PM2.5

Journal of Environmental Management, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 375, С. 124346 - 124346

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Influence of top-down adjusted upwind emissions on PM2.5 concentrations: The case of long-range transport in South Korea

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 125799 - 125799

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Understanding the impact of long-range transport (LTI) on concentrations particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) is crucial for accurately assessing air quality in affected areas. We developed integrated approach combining emissions adjustment and model bias correction to improve replication observed PM2.5 estimate LTI contributions South Korea, a representative downwind area Northeast Asia. Using ground observations, we first adjusted sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, primary China, which upwind Korea. Refining factors were applied further reduce systematic biases estimating enhance calculations. The results demonstrated that our reduced both random simulated achieving correlation coefficient 0.99 between concentrations. These used refine estimates leading mean improvements aligned well concentration trends countries, highlighting critical role accurate understanding pollution dynamics Moreover, this was effective short- long-term population exposure, enhancing accuracy identifying "unhealthy" days calculating population-weighted By analyzing concentrations, trends, changes local emission impacts, exposure areas influenced by transport, method has substantial potential broader applicability.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of bicycle infrastructure and long-term exposure to PM2.5 on cycling

Cities, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 160, С. 105813 - 105813

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Synergistic effects of synoptic and quasi-biweekly timescale atmospheric circulation patterns on PM2.5 concentration in South Korea

Atmospheric Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 121122 - 121122

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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