The
extracellular
matrix
of
microbial
biofilms
has
traditionally
been
viewed
as
a
structural
scaffold
that
retains
the
resident
bacteria
in
biofilm.
Moreover,
role
tolerance
to
antimicrobials
and
environmental
stressors
was
recognized
early
biofilm
research.
However,
research
progressed
it
became
apparent
can
also
be
involved
processes
such
bacterial
migration,
genetic
exchange,
ion
capture
signalling.
More
recently,
evidence
accumulated
have
catalytic
functions.
Here
we
review
foundational
on
this
fascinating
matrix.
Water,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(19), С. 2812 - 2812
Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024
Biological
treatment
is
currently
a
favorable
option
to
treat
wastewater
due
its
environmentally
friendly
methods
and
minimal
toxic
by-products.
The
majority
of
biological
uses
bacteria
as
agents,
which
are
known
have
excellent
capabilities
for
removing
various
pollutants.
Researchers
extensively
explored
the
use
extracellular
polymeric
substances
(EPSs)
generated
by
in
treatment.
This
review
focuses
on
sources
EPSs,
factors
influencing
their
production,
role
Bacterial
species,
nutrient
availability,
pH,
temperatures,
presence
toxins
were
mentioned
be
EPS
production
Produced
EPSs
may
promote
aggregation,
adsorption,
decolorization,
degradation
highlights
challenges
discovering
new
potential
bacterial
species
complex
extraction
methods,
well
importance
mass
larger-scale
applications.
Abstract
Extracellular
polymeric
substances
(EPS)
are
high
molecular
weight
polymers
that
microorganisms
secrete
into
their
extracellular
environment.
EPS
serves
as
the
carrier
of
structural
integrity
microbial
biofilms,
determining
physicochemical
properties
and
functional
complexity
biofilms.
creates
an
ideal
environment
for
interfacial
reactions
nutrient
trapping
around
cells,
while
also
acting
a
buffer
zone
against
environmental
stresses.
in
soil
can
contribute
to
health
through
its
own
such
adhesion,
hygroscopicity
complexing
ability.
Here,
we
first
introduce
concept,
components,
controlled
factors
environment,
outline
current
advances
extraction
methods
characterization
techniques
EPS.
form
dynamic
biophysical-chemical
interface
between
microbes
matrix.
We
explore
role
colonization
survival
microorganisms,
aggregation
weathering
minerals,
cross-linking
with
organic
matter.
then
summarize
ecological
functions
EPS:
1)
promoting
aggregate
formation
stabilization;
2)
enhancing
water
retention
holding
capacity;
3)
mediating
storage
trapping;
4)
regulating
contaminant
sequestration
transformation.
Finally,
propose
several
future
research
interests
soil,
thereby
calling
more
attention
on
ecosystems,
exploring
potential
applications
development
environment-friendly
agriculture.
IntechOpen eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 21, 2025
The
global
growth
in
terms
of
industrialization
and
urbanization
has
led
to
the
release
various
toxicogenic,
carcinogenic,
recalcitrant
substances
into
environment.
Remediation
involves
physical,
chemical,
biological
methods,
there
is
a
need
for
polluted
environments
be
remediated
using
approaches
that
are
eco-friendly.
Bioremediation
microbes
clean
up
enormous
amounts
pollutants
from
soil
water.
It
an
eco-friendly,
cost
effective,
sustainable
process
decomposes
wide
range
pollutants.
Biofilms
complicated
functional
communities
comprising
enclosed
exopolysaccharide
matrix
attached
surfaces
aqueous
synthesis
development
regulated
by
expression
genes
their
cells,
as
well
other
factors
like
nutrition
availability,
UV
light,
desiccation,
pH,
temperature,
pressure,
salt
concentrations,
chemical
presence.
form
biofilms
have
been
discovered
useful
bioremediation
because
high
tolerance
contaminants
environmental
stress
addition
capacity
degrade
toxic
insecticides,
pesticides,
hydrocarbons
utilizing
number
catabolic
pathways.
Several
implicated
biofilm
production.
Bacteria
utilize
quorum
sensing,
chemotaxis,
ion
exchange,
complexation,
precipitation,
presence
intracellular
extracellular
enzymes,
EPS
production,
resilience
properties
they
possess
aid
bioremediation.
This
chapter
highlights
bacterial
biofilms,
explaining
development,
structure,
functions
concerns
biodegradation.
also
describes
biofilm-mediated
solutions
can
used
effectiveness
removing
our
