Marine Technology Society Journal,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
59(1), С. 132 - 146
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025
Abstract
The
International
Marine
Organization
ambitious
greenhouse
gas
reduction
targets
for
shipping
necessitate
a
rapid
transition
to
zero-emission
fuels.
This
paper
addresses
this
critical
need
by
providing
comparative
analysis
of
promising
green
fuels
maritime
applications.
Available
alternative
were
reviewed,
with
comparison
the
most
viable
options
in
terms
environmental
impact.
Key
research
on
utilization
these
was
examined.
Additionally,
feasibility
implementing
across
different
ship
types
assessed.
By
exploring
both
technical
considerations
and
growth
prospects,
valuable
resource
is
offered
stakeholders
navigating
toward
sustainable
future.
Applied Physics Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Scaling
up
photocatalytic
systems
for
large-scale
hydrogen
generation
holds
transformative
potential
sustainable
energy
but
faces
significant
technical
and
economic
challenges
in
transitioning
from
lab-scale
experiments
to
industrial
applications.
This
review
delves
into
recent
innovations
that
drive
progress
this
field,
including
advanced
materials
developed
improved
efficiency
stability,
as
well
innovative
reactor
designs
optimize
light
capture
reactant
flow.
It
also
examines
practical
strategies
the
integration
of
these
with
renewable
sources,
focusing
on
their
scalability
cost-effectiveness.
Key
addressed
include
mass
transport
limitations,
utilization,
catalyst
longevity,
accompanied
by
emerging
solutions
aim
overcome
hurdles.
The
comprehensively
explores
intersection
technological
advancements
feasibility,
emphasizing
environmental
considerations
necessary
implementation
production.
Emphasizing
most
developments
strategic
approaches,
outlines
a
pathway
advancing
technologies.
Energies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(15), С. 3794 - 3794
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024
This
publication
explores
current
and
prospective
methods
for
hydrogen
production
purification,
with
a
strong
emphasis
on
membrane-based
technologies
purification
separation.
focus
is
justified
by
the
ongoing
shift
towards
renewable
energy
sources
(RESs)
in
electricity
generation,
necessitating
strategic
changes
to
increase
utilization,
particularly
automotive,
heavy
road,
rail
sectors,
2025–2030.
The
adoption
of
from
RESs
construction,
energy,
industrial
sectors
(e.g.,
process
heat
or
fertilizer
production)
also
under
consideration,
driving
need
innovative
production,
separation,
methods.
Historically,
industrial-scale
has
been
predominantly
derived
fossil
fuels,
but
such
as
electrolysis,
biological,
thermal
processes
now
offer
alternatives
varying
efficiencies
(0.06–80%)
gas
compositions.
Therefore,
selecting
appropriate
separation
critical
based
specific
usage
requirements
composition.
Industrial-scale
commonly
employs
pressure
swing
adsorption
(PSA)
technologies,
capable
achieving
up
99.99%
purity.
Cryogenic
distillation
suitable
applications
needing
95%
Membrane
including
polymer,
metallic,
electrolytic
membranes,
have
traditionally
limited
moderate
volumes
pure
are
crucial
critically
evaluates
potential
membrane
technology
response
anticipated
rise
demand
RES-derived
hydrogen,
feedstocks.
Abstract
The
conversion
of
electricity
into
hydrogen
(H
2
)
gas
through
electrochemical
water
splitting
using
efficient
electrocatalysts
has
been
one
the
most
important
future
technologies
to
create
vast
amounts
clean
and
renewable
energy.
Low-temperature
electrolyzer
systems,
such
as
proton
exchange
membrane
electrolyzers,
alkaline
anion
electrolyzers
are
at
forefront
current
technologies.
Their
performance,
however,
generally
depends
on
costs
system
efficiency,
which
can
be
significantly
improved
by
developing
high-performance
enhance
kinetics
both
cathodic
evolution
reaction
anodic
oxygen
reaction.
Despite
numerous
active
research
efforts
in
catalyst
development,
performance
electrolysis
remains
insufficient
for
commercialization.
Ongoing
innovative
an
understanding
catalytic
mechanisms
critical
enhancing
their
activity
stability
electrolyzers.
This
is
still
a
focus
academic
institutes/universities
industrial
R&D
centers.
Herein,
we
provide
overview
state
directions
H
production.
Additionally,
describe
detail
technological
framework
production
utilized
relevant
global
companies.
Graphical
The
drive
for
global
environmental
sustainability
is
accelerating
the
transition
to
renewable
energy
technologies,
with
polymer
electrolyte
membrane
fuel
cells
(PEMFCs)
emerging
as
a
key
contender
due
their
superior
efficiency
and
compact
design,
although
traditional
Nafion®-based
PEMFCs
face
critical
challenges,
such
elevated
costs
diminished
performance
under
high-temperature
low-humidity
environments,
which
limit
broader
implementation.
To
overcome
these
challenges
meet
stringent
standards,
development
of
non-fluorinated
membranes
essential
ensure
stable
conductivity
across
diverse
operating
conditions.
In
this
study,
hybrid
inorganic-organic
matrix
was
synthesized
via
sol-gel
process
by
combining
(3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane
(GPTS)
(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane
(MPTS)
(referred
G-M)
subsequently
functionalized
three
distinct
basic
additives-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane
(APTES),
polydopamine
(PDA),
chitosan
(CS).
These
additives
were
incorporated
through
electrostatic
interactions
between
acidic
components
within
composite
enhance
proton
conductivity.
resulting
G-M/APTES,
G-M/PDA,
G-M/CS
exhibited
enhanced
transport
acid-base
pairing
matrix's
–sulfonic
acid
(-SO3H)
groups
additives'
amino
(–NH2)
groups.
membrane,
incorporating
20
wt%
CS,
highest
through-plane
(σth)
1.59
mS/cm,
corresponding
4.68-fold
improvement
over
pristine
G-M
matrix.
Conversely,
G-M/PDA
40
PDA,
achieved
remarkable
in-plane
(σin)
37.10
mS/cm
conditions
80
°C
100%
relative
humidity
(RH),
reflecting
an
thousand-fold
enhancement
σin
membranes.
results
underscore
efficacy
in
advancing
electrochemical
applications.
