Compatibility of integrated physical barriers and personal exhaust ventilation with air distribution systems to mitigate airborne infection risk

Sustainable Cities and Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 103, С. 105282 - 105282

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

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On the Critical Role of Human Feces and Public Toilets in the Transmission of COVID-19: Evidence from China

Sustainable Cities and Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 75, С. 103350 - 103350

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The nexus between in-car aerosol concentrations, ventilation and the risk of respiratory infection

Environment International, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 157, С. 106814 - 106814

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2021

We examined the trade-offs between in-car aerosol concentrations, ventilation and respiratory infection transmission under three settings: windows open (WO); closed with air-conditioning on ambient air mode (WC-AA); recirculation (WC-RC). Forty-five runs, covering a total of 324 km distance 7.2-km looped route, were carried out times day (morning, afternoon, evening) to monitor aerosols (PM2.5; particulate matter < 2.5 μm PNC; particle number concentration), CO2 environmental conditions (temperature relative humidity). Ideally, higher rates would give lower pollutant concentrations due dilution from outdoor air. However, increased (WO > WC-AA WC-RC) ingress polluted urban routes. A clear trade-off, therefore, exists for quality (icAQ) versus ventilation; example, WC-RC showed least (i.e. four-times compared WO), but corresponded elevated levels five-times WO) in 20 mins. considered COVID-19 as an example transmission. The probability its infected occupant five-seater car was estimated during different quanta generation (2-60.5 hr-1) using Wells-Riley model. In WO, 50%-efficient without facemasks normal speaking (9.4 varied only by upto 0.5%. It 2-fold (<1.1%) 10-fold (<5.2%) mins trip. Therefore, wise selection settings is needed balance exposure areas affected pollution that also successfully developed assessed feasibility sensor units static dynamic environments icAQ potentially infer Further research required develop automatic-alarm systems help reduce both

Язык: Английский

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The multi-dimensional challenges of controlling respiratory virus transmission in indoor spaces: Insights from the linkage of a microscopic pedestrian simulation and SARS-CoV-2 transmission model

PLoS Computational Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(3), С. e1011956 - e1011956

Опубликована: Март 28, 2024

SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor spaces, where most infection events occur, depends on the types and duration of human interactions, among others. Understanding how these behaviours interface with virus characteristics to drive pathogen dictate outcomes non-pharmaceutical interventions is important for informed safe use spaces. To better understand complex we developed Pedestrian Dynamics-Virus Spread model (PeDViS), an individual-based that combines pedestrian behaviour models spread incorporating direct indirect routes. We explored relationships between exposure duration, distance, respiratory behaviour, environment which interactions infected uninfected individuals took place compared this benchmark 'at risk' (1.5 metres 15 minutes). When considering aerosol transmission, adhering distancing measures may be at risk due buildup airborne when spend prolonged time indoors. In our restaurant case, guests seated tables near were limited but could, particularly poorly ventilated places, experience risks surpass interactions. Combining target different routes can aid accumulating impact, instance by combining ventilation face masks. The impact such combined relative importance routes, hard disentangle highly context dependent. This uncertainty should considered assessing upon illustrated multi-dimensionality emerges from interplay viruses. A modelling strategy incorporates assessments help inform policy makers citizens spaces varying inter-human

Язык: Английский

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Airflow deflectors of external windowsto induce ventilation: Towards COVID-19 prevention and control

Sustainable Cities and Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 77, С. 103548 - 103548

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2021

Язык: Английский

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